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The d & f Block Elements Chemistry - The d & f Block Elements

Jharkhand Board (JAC) - STD 12 Science - Chemistry (Jharkhand - English Medium). 397 questions in this chapter.

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The d & f Block Elements question types

397 questions across 7 question groups — pick any mix to generate a Chemistry paper with step-by-step answer keys.

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Sample Questions

The d & f Block Elements questions

One sample from each question group in this chapter. Select any group above to see the full set with answer keys.

Q 3M.C.Q (1 Marks)1 Mark
Which one of the following statements about lanthanides is false ?
  • A
    Lanthanides are seperated from one another by ion exchange method.
  • ✓
    The ionic radii of trivalent lanthanides steadily increases with increase in atomic number.
  • C
    All lanthanides are highly dense metals.
  • D
    Most typical oxidation state of lanthanides is $+3$

Answer: B.

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Q 5M.C.Q (1 Marks)1 Mark
Transition metals make the most efficient catalysts because of their ability to:
  • ✓
    Adopt multiple oxidation states and to form complexes.
  • B
    Form coloured ions.
  • C
    Show paramagnetism due to unpaired electrons.
  • D
    Form a large number of oxides.

Answer: A.

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Q 6Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: $Fe^{3+}$ is more stable than $Fe^{2+}.$
Reason: $Fe^{2+}$ ions are easily oxidised to $Fe^{3+}$ ions.
  • A
    Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
  • ✓
    Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
  • C
    Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  • D
    Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Answer: B.

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Q 7Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Transition metals are good catalysts.
Reason: $\ce{V_2O_5}$ or $Pt$ is used in the preparation of $\ce{H_2SO_4}$ by Con tact process.
  • A
    Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
  • ✓
    Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
  • C
    Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  • D
    Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Answer: B.

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Q 8Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Europium $(II)$ is more stable than cerium $(II).$
Reason: Cerium salts are used as a catalyst in petroleum cracking
  • A
    Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
  • ✓
    Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
  • C
    Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  • D
    Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Answer: B.

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Q 9Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Most of the trivalent lanthanide ions are coloured both in the solid state and in aqueous solution.
Reason: The elements with xf electrons have a similar colour to those of $(14 - x)f$ electrons.
  • A
    Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
  • ✓
    Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
  • C
    Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  • D
    Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Answer: B.

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Q 10Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ1 Mark
In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: When $Zn$ is placed in a magnetic field, it is feebly magnetised in a direction opposite to that of the magnetising field.
Reason: $Zn$ has completely filled atomic orbitals.
  • ✓
    Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
  • B
    Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
  • C
    Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  • D
    Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Answer: A.

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Q 172 Marks Questions2 Marks
Compare the general characteristics of the first series of the transition metals with those of the second and third series metals in the respective vertical columns. Give special emphasis on the following points:
Ionisation enthalpies.
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Q 223 Marks Question3 Marks
To what extent do the electronic configurations decide the stability of oxidation states in the first series of the transition elements? Illustrate your answer with examples.
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Q 233 Marks Question3 Marks
Write down the number of 3d electrons in each of the following ions: $Ti^{2+}, V^{2+}, Cr^{3+}, Mn^{2+}, Fe^{2+}, Fe^{3+}, Co^{2+}, Ni^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$. Indicate how would you expect the five $3d$ orbitals to be occupied for these hydrated ions (octahedral).
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Q 243 Marks Question3 Marks
Compare the general characteristics of the first series of the transition metals with those of the second and third series metals in the respective vertical columns. Give special emphasis on the following points:Electronic configurations:
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Q 26Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Transition elements are elements that have partially filled d-orbitals. The configuration of these elements corresponds to $(n - 1)d^{1-10}ns^{1-2}.$ It is important to note that the elements mercury, cadmium and zinc are not considered transition elements because of their electronic configurations, which corresponds to $(n - 1)d^{10}ns^2.$ Some general properties of transition elements are:
These elements can fonn coloured compounds and ions due to $d-d$ transition;
These elements exhibit many oxidation states;
A large variety of ligands can bind themselves to these elements, due to this, a wide variety of stable complexes formed by these ions. The boiling and melting point of these elements are high. These elements have a large ratio of charge to the radius.
In these questions $(Q. No. i-iv),$ a statement of assertion followed by a statement ofreason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
  1. Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
  2. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
  3. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  4. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
  1. Assertion: Tungsten has very high melting point.
Reason: Tungsten is a covalent compound.
  1. Assertion: $Zn, Cd$ and $Hg$ are normally not considered transition metals.
Reason: d-Orbitals in $Zn, Cd$ and $Hg$ elements are completely filled, hence these metals do not show the general characteristics properties of the transition elements.
  1. Assertion: Copper metal gets readily corroded in acidic aqueous solution such as $HCl$ and dil. $H_2SO_4.$
Reason: Free energy change for this process is positive.
  1. Assertion: Tailing of mercury occurs on passing ozone through it.
Reason: Due to oxidation of mercury.
  1. Assertion: Transition metals are poor reducing agents.
Reason: Transition metals fonn numerous alloys with other metals.
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Q 27Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The f-block elements are those in which the differentiating electron enters the $(n -2)f$ orbital. There are two series of F-block elements corresponding to filling of $4f $ and $5f-$orbitals. The series of $4f-$orbitals is called lanthanides. Lanthanides show different oxidation states depending upon stability of $f^0, f^7$ and $F^{14}$ configurations, though the most conunon oxidation states is $+3$. There is a regular decrease in size oflanthanides ions with increase in atomic number which is known as lanthanide contraction.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. The atomic numbers of three lanthanide elements $X, Y$ and $Z$ are $65, 68$ and $70$ respectively, their $Ln^{3+}$ electronic configuration is:
  1. $4f^8, 4f^{11}, 4f^{13}$
  2. $4f^{11}, 4f^8, 4f^{13}$
  3. $4f^0, 4f^2, 4f^{11}$
  4. $4f^3, 4f^7, 4f^9$
  1. Lanthanide contraction is observed in:
  1. $Gd$
  2. $At$
  3. $Xe$
  4. $Te$
  1. Which of the following is not the configuration oflanthanoid?
  1. $[Xe]4f^{10}6s^2$
  2. $[Xe]4f^15d^16s^2$
  3. $[Xe]4d^{14}5d^{10}6s^2$
  4. $[Xe]4f^75d^16s^2$
  1. Name a member of the lanthanoid series which is well known to exhibit +4 oxidation state.
  1. Cerium $(Z = 58)$
  2. Europium $(Z = 63)$
  3. Lanthanum $(Z = 57)$
  4. Gadolinium $(Z = 64)$
  1. Identify the incorrect statement among the following.
  1. Lanthanoid contraction is the accumulation of successive shrinkages.
  2. The different radii of $Zr$ and $Hf$ due to consequence of the lanthanoid contraction.
  3. Shielding power of $4f$ electrons is quite weak.
  4. There is a decrease in the radii of the atoms or ions as one proceeds from La to Lu.
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Q 28Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The transition elements have incompletely filled d-subshells in their ground state or in any of their oxidation states. The transition elements occupy position in betweens- and p-blocks in groups $3-12$ of the Periodic table. Starting from fourth period, transition elements consists of four complete series : Sc to $Zn, Y$ to Cd and La, $Hf$ to $Hg$ and $Ac, Rf$ to $Cn$. In general, the electronic configuration of outer orbitals of these elements is $(n - 1)d^{1-10} n^{1-2}$. The electronic configurations of outer orbitals of $Zn, Cd, Hg$ and $Cn$ are represented by the general formula $(n - 1)d^{10}ns^2$. All the transition elements have typical metallic properties such as high tensile strength, ductility, malleability. Except mercury, which is liquid at room temperature, other transition elements have typical metallic structures. The transition metals and their compounds also exhibit catalytic property and paramagnetic behaviour. Transition metal also forms alloys. An alloy is a blend of metals prepared by mixing the components. Alloys may be homogeneous solid solutions in which the atoms of one metal are distributed randomly among the atoms of the other.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Which of the following characteristics of transition metals is associated with higher catalytic activity?
  1. High enthalpy of atomisation.
  2. Variable oxidation states.
  3. Paramagnetic behaviour.
  4. Colour of hydrated ions.
  1. Transition elements form alloys easily because they have.
  1. Same atomic number.
  2. Same electronic configuration.
  3. Nearly same atomic size.
  4. Same oxidation states.
  1. The electronic configuration of tantalum $(Ta)$ is:
  1. $[Xe]4f^05d^16s^2$
  2. $[Xe]4f^{14}5d^26s^2$
  3. $[Xe]4f^{14}5d^36s^2$
  4. $[Xe]4f^{14}5d^46s^2$
  1. Which one of the following outer orbital configurations may exhibit the largest number of oxidation states?
  1. $3d^54s^1$
  2. $3d^54s^2$
  3. $3d^24s^2$
  4. $3d^34s^2$
  1. The correct statement(s) among the following is/ are:
  1. All d and f-block elements are metals.
  2. All d and f-block elements form coloured ions.
  3. All d and f-block elements are paramagnetic.
  1. $(I)$ only
  2. $(I)$ and $(II)$ only
  3. $(II)$ and $(III)$ only
  4. $(I), (II)$ and $(III)$
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Q 29Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The unique behaviour of $Cu, $ having a positive $E^\circ$ accounts for its inability to liberate $H_2$ from acids. Only oxidising acids (nitric and hot concentrated sulphuric acid) react with $Cu,$ the acids being reduced. The stability of the half-filled $(d^5)$ subshell in $Mn^{2+}$ and the completely filled $(d^{10})$ configuration in $Zn^{2+}$ are related to their $\text{E}^\circ\frac{\text{M}^{3+}}{\text{M}^{2+}}$ values. The low value for Sc reflects the stability of $Sc^{3+}$ which has a noble gas configuration. The comparatively high value for Mn shows that $Mn^{2+}(d^5)$ is particularly stable, whereas a comparatively low value for Fe shows the extra stability of $Fe^{3+}(d^5)$. The comparatively low value for Vis related to the stability of $v^{2+} ($half-filled $t_{2g}$ level$)$.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Standard reduction electrode potential of $\frac{\text{Zn}^{2+}}{\text{Zn}}$ is 0.76V. This means
  1. $ZnO$ cannot be reduced to $Zn$ by $H_2$ under standard conditions.
  2. $Zn$ cannot liberate $H_2$ with concentrated acids.
  3. $Zn$ is generally the anode in an electrochemical cell.
  4. $Zn$ is generally the cathode in an electrochemical cell.
  1. $\text{E}^\circ$ values for the couples $\frac{\text{Cr}^{3+}}{\text{Cr}^{2+}}$ and $\frac{\text{Mn}^{3+}}{\text{Mn}^{2+}}$ are $-0.41$ and $+1.51$ volts respectively. These values suggest that.
  1. $Cr^{2+}$ acts as a reducing agent whereas $Mn^{3+}$ acts as an oxidizing agent.
  2. $Cr^{2+}$ is more stable th an $Cr^{3+}$ state.
  3. $Mn^{3+}$ is more stable than $Mn^{2+}$.
  4. $Cr^{2+}$ acts as an oxidizing agent whereas $Mn^{3+}$ acts as a reducing agent..
  1. The reduction potential values of $M, N$ and $O$ are $+2.46, -1.13$ and $-3.13V$ respectively. Which of the following order is correct regarding their reducing property?
  1. $O > N > M$
  2. $O > M > N$
  3. $M > N > O$
  4. $M > O > N$
  1. Which of the following statements are true?
  1. $Mn^{2+}$ compounds are more stable than $Fe^{2+}$ towards oxidation to $+3$ state.
  2. Titanium and copper both in the first series of transition metals exhibits $+1$ oxidation state most frequently.
  3. $Cu^+$ ion is stable in aqueous solutions.
  4. The $\text{E}^\circ$ value for the $\frac{\text{Mn}^{3+}}{\text{Mn}^{2+}}$ couple is much more positive than that for $\frac{\text{Cr}^{3+}}{\text{Cr}^{2+}}$ or $\frac{\text{Fe}^{3+}}{\text{Fe}^{2+}}.$.
  1. $(II)$ and $(III)$
  2. $(I)$ and $(IV)$
  3. $(I)$ and $(III)$
  4. $(II)$ and $(IV)$
  1. The stability of $\text{Cu}^{2+}_\text{(aq)}$ rather than $\text{Cu}^{+}_\text{(aq)}$ is due to.
  1. More negative $\Delta_\text{hyd}\text{H}^\circ$ of $\text{Cu}^{2+}_\text{(aq)}.$
  2. Less negative $\Delta_\text{hyd}\text{H}^\circ$ of $\text{Cu}^{2+}_\text{(aq)}.$
  3. More positive $\Delta_\text{hyd}\text{H}^\circ$ of $\text{Cu}^{2+}_\text{(aq)}.$
  4. Less positive $\Delta_\text{hyd}\text{H}^\circ$ of $\text{Cu}^{2+}_\text{(aq)}.$
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Q 30Case study (4 Marks)4 Marks
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Transition metal oxides are compounds fanned by the reaction of metals with oxygen at high temperature. The highest oxidation number in the oxides coincides with the group number. In vanadium, there is a gradual change from the basic $V_2O_3$ to less basic $V_2O_4$ and to amphoteric $V_2O_5· V_2O_4$ dissolves in acids to give $VO^{2+}$ salts. Transition metal oxides are commonly utilized for their catalytic activity and semi conductive properties. Transition metal oxides are also frequently used as pigments in paints and plastic. Most notably titatnium dioxide. One of the earliest application of transition metal oxides to chemical industry involved the use of vanadium oxide for catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulphuric acid. Since then, many other applications have emerged, which include benzene oxidation to maleic anhydride on vandium oxides; cyclohexane oxidation to adipic acid on cobalt oxides. An important property of the catalyst material used in these processes is the ability of transition metals to change their oxidation state under a given chemical potential of reductants and oxidants.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Which oxide of vanadium is most likely to be basic and ionic?
  1. $VO$
  2. $V_2O_3$
  3. $VO_2$
  4. $V_2O_5$
  1. Vanadyl ion is:
  1. $\text{VO}^{2+}$
  2. $\text{VO}^{+}_2$
  3. $\text{V}_{2}\text{O}^+$
  4. $\text{VO}^{3-}_4$
  1. Which of the following statements is false?
  1. With fluorine vanadium can form $VF_5.$
  2. With chlorine vanadium can form $VCl^5.$
  3. Vanadium exhibits highest oxidation state in oxohalides $VOCl_3, VOBr_3$ and fluoride $VF_5.$
  4. With iodine vanadium cannot form $Vl_5$ due to oxidising power of $V^{5+}$ and reducing nature of $I^-.$
  1. The oxidation state of vanadium in $V_2O_5$ is:
  1. $\frac{+5}{2}$
  2. $+7$
  3. $+5$
  4. $+6$
  1. Identify the oxidising agent in the following reaction.
$V_2O_5+ 5Ca \rightarrow 2V + 5CaO$
  1. $V_2O_5$
  2. $Ca $
  3. $V$
  4. None of these.
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Q 315 Marks Questions5 Marks
  1. Following are the transition metal ions of $3d$ series:
$Ti^{4+}, V^{2+}, Mn^{3+}, Cr^{3+}$

$($Atomic numbers : $Ti = 22, V = 23, Mn = 25, Cr = 24)$

Answer the following:
  1. Which ion is most stable in an aqueous solution and why?
  2. Which ion is a strong oxidising agent and why?
  3. Which ion is colourless and why?
  1. Complete the following equations:
  1. $2\text{ }\text{MnO}_4^-+16\text{ }\text{H}^++5\text{ }\text{S}^{2-}\xrightarrow{\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }}$
  1. $\text{KMnO}_4\xrightarrow{\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{heat}\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }}$
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Q 325 Marks Questions5 Marks
Match the catalysts given in Column I with the processes given in Column II.
 
Column I (Catalyst)
 
Column II (Process)
(i)
Ni in the presence of hydrogen
(a)
Zieglar Natta catalyst
(ii)
$Cu_2Cl_2$
(b)
Contact process
(iii)
$V_2O_5$
(c)
Vegetable oil to ghee
(iv)
Finely divided iron
(d)
Sandmeyer reaction
(v)
$TiCl_4 + Al (CH_3)_3$
(e)
Haber’s Process
 
 
(f)
Decomposition of $KClO_3$
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Q 335 Marks Questions5 Marks
Answer the following questions: Give chemical reactions for the following observations:
  1. Potassium permanganate is a good oxidising agent in basic medium.
  2. Inter convertibility of chromate ion and dichromate ion in aqueous solution depends upon pH of the solution.
  3. Potassium permanganate is thermally unstable at 513K.
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Q 345 Marks Questions5 Marks
  1. Complete the following chemical reaction equations:
i. $\text{MnO}_{4(aq)}^{-}+\text{C}_{2}\text{O}_{4(aq)}^{2-}+\text{H}^{+}_{(aq)}\rightarrow$

ii. $\text{Cr}_{2}\text{O}_{7(aq)}^{2-}+\text{Fe}^{2+}_{(aq)}+\text{H}_{(aq)}^{+}\rightarrow$
  1. Explain the following observations about the transition/inner transition elements:
  1. There is in general an increase in density of element from titanium (Z=22) to copper (Z=29).
  2. There occurs much more frequent metal-metal bonding in compounds of heavy transition elements (3rd series).
  3. The members in the actinoid series exhibit a larger number of oxidation states than the corresponding members in the lanthanoid series.
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Q 355 Marks Questions5 Marks
  1. Describe the general trends in the following properties of the first series of the transition elements:
  1. Stability of +2 oxidation state.
  2. Formation of oxometal ions.
  1. Assign reason for each of the following:
  1. Transition elements exhibit variable oxidation states.
  2. Transition metal ions are usually coloured.
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