For a spontaneous reaction, change in entropy \((\Delta S )\) remains greater than zero and change in free energy \((\Delta G )\) remains less than zero.
આપેલ : $\Delta H ^{\circ}=-54.07\,kJ\,mol ^{-1}$
$\Delta S ^{\circ}=10\,J\,K ^{-1}\,mol ^{-1}$
$(2.303 \times 8.314 \times 298=5705$ લો.)
$ C(s)\,\, + \,\,{O_2}(g)\,\, \to \,\,C{O_2}\,(g)$ $\Delta H = \,\, - \,94\,\,kcal$
${H_2}\,(g)\,\, + \,\,\frac{1}{2}\,{O_2}\,(g)\,\, \to \,\,{H_2}O\,(g),$ $\Delta H\,\, = \,\, - \,68\,\,kcal$
${C_2}{H_5}OH\,(\ell )\,\, + \,\,3{O_2}\,(g)\,\, \to \,\,2C{O_2}\,(g)\,\, + \,\,3{H_2}O\,(\ell ),$$\Delta H\,\, = \,\,\, - \,327\,\,kcal$
$298 \,K \,NH_3$$_{(g)}$ અને $H_2O_{(l)}$ ની નિર્માણ ઉષ્મા અનુક્રમે $-46.0$ અને $-286.0\, kJ \,mol^{-}$ છે.
$CCl _{4( g )} + 2 H _2 O ( g ) \rightarrow CO _{2( g )} + 4 HCl ( g )$