Respiration and Circulation — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Turner's syndrome is an example of monosomy. It is formed by the union of an allosome free egg and a normal 'X' containing sperm or a normal egg and an allosome free sperm. 'The individual has 2n = 45 chromosomes (44 + X0) instead of 46. Such individuals are sterile females who have rudimentary ovaries, under developed breasts, small uterus, short stature, webbed neck and abnormal intelligence. 'They may not menstruate or ovulate. This disorder can be treated by giving female sex hormone to the women from the age of puberty to make them develop breasts and have menstruation. This makes them feel more normal.

1. Number of barr body present in a female with Turner's syndrome is?

1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. < 2.

2. Turner's syndrome is an example of?

1. Aneuploidy.
2. Euploidy.
3. Polyploidy.
4. Autosomal abnormality.

3. Turner's syndrome is a/an.

1. Autosomal recessive Mendelian disorder.
2. Autosomal dominant Mendelian disorder
3. Sex linked Mendelian disorder.
4. Chromosomal disorder.

4. Which of the following statements regarding Turner's syndrome is incorrect?

1. It is a case of monosomy of chromosomes.
2. The suffering individual is a sterile female, having one 'X' chromosome missing in the cells.
3. The problem is due to an extra chromosome.
4. The individual are of short stature.

5. Assertion: Turner's syndrome is caused due to absence of any one of the X and Y sex chromosome.

Reason: Individuals suffering from Turner's syndrome show masculine as well as feminine development

1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
X and Y are communicable diseases, whereas Wand Z are non-communicable diseases.X is transmitted through vectors whereas Y is transmitted through droplet infection. Wis caused due to a hormone deficiency, whereas Z is a degenerative disease. Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

1. Identify W, X, Y and Z.

	W	X	Y	Z
(a)	Coronary artery disease	Cholera	Chikungunya	Chikungunya
(b)	Diabetes	Malaria	Rhinitis	Alzheimer's disease
(c)	Alzheimer's disease	AIDS	Shigella	Plague
(d)	Gonorrhea	Diphtheria	Pertussis	Anthrax

2. Select the correct statement.

1. If X is sleeping sickness then its vector is Leishrnania.
2. If Y is diphtheria then it is caused by Bacillus anthracis.
3. If W is hypothyroidism then it is caused by deficiency of thyroxine hormone.
4. If Z is myocardial infarction then patient develops acute rheumatic fever, joint pain and throat infection.

3. If X and Y both are usual diseases then which of the following holds true?

1. X could be dengue caused by flavivirus and Y could be AIDS caused by HIV.
2. X could be chikungunya whereas Y could be rhinitis.
3. X could be hepatitis whereas Y could be rabies.
4. X could be chicken pox caused by Va rice/la zoster virus whereas Y could be yellow fever caused by flavivirus

4. If X and Y both are bacterial diseases then select the correct match from the following.

1. X- Bubonic plague-Yersinia pestis
2. Y-Leprosy- Mycobacteriurn leprae
3. X-Whooping cough-Bordetella pertussis
4. Y-Botulism-Clostridiurn botulinum

5. Assertion: Communicable diseases could be contagious or non-contagious.

Reason: Diseases that spread through vectors are non-contagious disease.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Distinguish between : Communicable and non-communicable diseases.

Distinguish between : Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.

Distinguish between : External respiration and Internal respiration.

Read the following and answer any four questions from 9(i) to 9(v) given below:
Bioreactors are considered as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products by microbes, plant and animal cells or their enzymes. They are used for large scale production as they provide optimum growth conditions such as temperature, pH, substrate, vitamins, oxygen and salts for obtaining desired product. Most commonly used bioreactors are of stirring type which include simple stirred tank bioreactor and sparged stirred-tank bioreactor.

1. Bioreactor are useful in:

1. Amplifying a gene.
2. Isolation of genetic material.
3. Processing large volume of culture.
4. Infecting DNA in a cell.

2. Which of the following is essential to obtain desired product in a bioreactor?

1. Size of the bioreactor.
2. Sterile condition.
3. Quantity of the raw material.
4. All of these.

3. Assertion: The stirred-tank is well suited for large scale production of microorganisms under aseptic conditions.

Reason: In sparged stirred tank bioreactor, surface area for oxygen transfer is increased.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

4. Growth condition that could affect the quality of obtained product in a bioreactor are:

1. Temperature and pH only.
2. pH and oxygen supply only.
3. Temperature and oxygen supply only.
4. Temperature, pH and oxygen supply.

5. Vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products are.

1. Bioreactors.
2. Fermentors.
3. Gene guns.
4. Both (a) and (b).

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Regular change in temperature that occurs at specific intervals of time is called thennoperiodicity. It is of two types-diurnal and seasonal thermoperiodicity. Diumal periodicity refers to temperatures of day and night. It determines periods ofannual activity. In season periodicity different temperature prevails in different seasons of the year. 'Tiley favour different aspects of plant and animal life termed as phenology. For example in wheat, leaf growth requires a temperature of 10º-25ºC. Apple requires temperature below 7ºC for a period of 800 hrs before flowering and fruiting can occur. Low temperature is required for germination of some seeds as well as flowering in some plants. It also determines growth, reproduction, colour and morphology of animals. Both low and high temperature cause stress in organisms which is overcome by particular adaptations.

1. Some plants require low temperature treatment for flowering. This phenomenon is known as:

1. Photoperiodism.
2. Vemalisation.
3. Thermoperiodism.
4. None of these.

2. Animals found in arctic zones are called.

1. microtherms
2. Megatherms
3. Mesotherms
4. Hekistotherms

3. Which of the following parts of wheat plant grows maximum in temperature around 10º-25ºC?

1. Root
2. Seeds
3. Leaf
4. Stem

4. "Different temperatures prevail in different seasons of the year." It represents:

1. Diurnal thermoperiodicity.
2. Seasonal periodicity.
3. Homeostasis.
4. Thermoregulation.

5. Assertion: Low and high temperature causes stress in organisms.

Reasons: Organisms show specific adaptations to overcome stressful condition.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Highlight five areas where biotechnology has influenced our lives.