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Periodic Classification of Elements — Science STD 10 — Question

Tamilnadu BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10SciencePeriodic Classification of Elements4 Marks
Question
Explain the extraction of copper from copper pyrites.
✓

Answer

Extraction of copper from copper pyrites involves the following steps:
(i) The concentration of ore: The ore is crushed and then concentrated by froth floatation process.
(ii) Roasting: The concentrated ore is roasted in excess of air. During the process of roasting, the moisture and volatile impurities are removed. Sulphur, phosphorus, arsenic and antimony are removed as oxides. Copper pyrite is partly converted into sulphides of copper and iron. $2 CuFeS _2+ O _2 \rightarrow Cu _2 S +2 FeS + SO _2 \uparrow$
(iii) Smelting: The roasted ore is mixed with powdered coke and sand and is heated in a blast furnace to obtain matte $\left( Cu _2 S + FeS \right)$ and slag. The slag is removed as waste.
(iv) Bessemerisation: The molten matte is transferred to the Bessemer converter in order to obtain blister copper. Ferrous sulphide from matte is oxidized to ferrous oxide, which is removed as slag using silica.
$
\begin{array}{c}
2 FeS +3 O _2 \rightarrow 2 FeO +2 SO _2 \uparrow \\
FeO + SiO _2 \rightarrow FeSiO _3 \text { (slag) }
\end{array}
$
(Iron silicate)
$
\begin{array}{c}
2 Cu _2 S +3 O _2 \rightarrow 2 Cu _2 O +2 SO _2 \uparrow \\
2 Cu _2 O + Cu _2 S \rightarrow 6 Cu + SO _2 \uparrow
\end{array}
$
(Blister copper)

(v) Refining: Blister copper contains 98% of pure copper and 2% of impurities and is purified A by electrolytic refining. This method is used to get metal of a high degree of purity. For electrolytic refining of copper, we use:
Cathode: A thin plate of pure copper metal.
Anode: A block of impure copper metal.
Electrolyte: Copper sulphate solution acidified with sulphuric acid.
When an electric current is passed through the electrolytic solution, pure copper gets deposited at the cathode and the impurities settle at the bottom of the anode in the form of sludge called anode mud.

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