Explain why, a stick half immersed in water appears to be bent at the surface. Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate your answer.
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The apparent bending of the stick is due to the refraction of light when it passes from water into air. A ray of light OC coming from O passes from water into air and gets refracted away from normal (along CX). Another ray OD gets refracted along DY. The two refracted rays CX and DY, when produced backwards, appear to meet at point I. Thus, I is the virtual image of the end O of the stick. So, the stick appears to be bent as shown below.
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