How is molecular orbital different from atomic orbital? Give elec… - Vidyadip

Question

How is molecular orbital different from atomic orbital? Give electronic configuration of:

$\text{H}^+_2,$
$\text{Li}_2$
$\text{B}_2,$
$\text{C}_2.$

Calculate their bond orders and predict their paramagnetic behaviour.

✓

Answer

Atomic orbitals are monocentric whereas molecular orbitals are polycentric.
Atomic orbitals are present in atoms whereas molecular orbitals are present in molecules.

$\text{H}^+_2\text{(1)}\text{;}\ (\sigma\text{ls})^1$

$\text{B.O.}=\frac12(1-0)=\frac12,$ paramagnetic.

$\text{Li}_2(6)\text{:}\ (\sigma\text{ls})^2(\sigma*\text{ls})^2\ (\sigma2\text{s})^2$

$\text{B.O.}=\frac12(4-2)=\frac22=1,{}{}$ diamagnetic

$\text{B}_2(10)\text{:}\ (\sigma\text{ls})^2(\sigma*\text{ls})^2(\sigma2\text{s})^2(\sigma*2\text{s})^2$

$(\pi2\text{p}_\text{x}^1=\pi2\text{p}_\text{y}^1)$

$\text{B.O.}=\frac12(6-4)=1,$ paramagnetic

$\text{C}_2(12)\text{:}\ (\sigma\text{ls})^2\ (\sigma*\text{ls})^2\ (\sigma2\text{s})^2\ (\sigma*2\text{s})^2\ (\pi2\text{p}_\text{x}^2=\pi2\text{p}_\text{y}^2)$

$\text{B.O.}=\frac12(8-4)=2,$ diamagnetic.

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