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The s-block Elements — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceChemistryThe s-block Elements5 Marks
Question
In the Solvay process, can we obtain sodium carbonate directly by treating the solution containing $\left(\mathrm{NH}_4\right)_2 \mathrm{CO} 3$ with sodium chloride? Explain.
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Answer

It is difficult to obtain the precipitate of $\mathrm{NaHCO}_3$ by use of ammonium carbonate. To make the precipitation of $\mathrm{NaHCO}_3$ from solution, ammonium bicarbonate is used rather than ammonium carbonate. Ammonium bicarbonate undergoes a metathesis reaction with sodium chloride to produce sodium bicarbonate precipitate.
$\text{NaCl}(\text{aq})+\text{NH}_4\text{HCO}_3(\text{aq})\xrightarrow{\ \ \ \ \ }\text{NaHCO}_3(\text{S})+\text{NH}_4\text{Cl}(\text{aq})$
Sodium bicarbonate formed inthis process is less soluble than sodium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, or ammonium chloride. Thus in a very concentrated solution, sodium bicarbonate will be the first to precipitate. This metathesis reaction is the key to the Solvay process.

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