The method of expansion in which a gas or liquid at pressure $P_1$ flows into a region of lower pressure $P_2$ without significant change in kinetic energy, is called the Joule-Thomson expansion. The expansion is inherently irreversible.
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In a thermodynamic process, pressure of a fixed mass of a gas is changed in such a manner that the gas molecules gives out $20 J$ of heat and $10 J$ of work is done on the gas. If the initial internal energy of the gas was $40 J,$ then the final internal energy will be ........ $J$
A reversible engine has an efficiency of $\frac{1}{4}$. If the temperature of the sink is reduced by $58^{\circ} {C}$, its efficiency becomes double. Calculate the temperature of the sink. (In $^{\circ} {C}$)
A diatomic ideal gas is used in a Carnot engine as the working substance. If during the adiabatic expansion part of the cycle the volume of the gas increases from $V$ to $32\ V$, the efficiency of the engine is