Question
Taking a specific example, show that $\Delta\text{S}_\text{total }$ is a criterion for the spontaneity of a change.
✓
Answer
For spontaneous process, $\Delta\text{S}_\text{total }$ must be positive, i.e. $\Delta\text{S}_\text{total}=\Delta\text{S}_\text{system}+\Delta\text{S}_\text{surroundings}>0$ Consider the freezing of water at 272K and 1atm pressure. For this process, $\Delta\text{S}_\text{system}=-21.85\text{JK}^{-1}\text{mol}^{-1}$$\Delta\text{S}_\text{surroundings}=+21.93\text{JK}^{-1}\text{mol}^{-1}$
$\therefore\text{S}_\text{total}=-21.85+(21.93)=+0.08\text{JK}^{-1}\text{mol}^{-1}$
As $\Delta\text{S}_\text{total }$ is positive, the freezing of water at 272K and 1atm pressure is spontaneous.
$\therefore\text{S}_\text{total}=-21.85+(21.93)=+0.08\text{JK}^{-1}\text{mol}^{-1}$
As $\Delta\text{S}_\text{total }$ is positive, the freezing of water at 272K and 1atm pressure is spontaneous.
Need a full question paper?
Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.
Explore more
Similar questions
Assign the position of the element having outer electronic configuration.
$(n-1) d^2 n s^2$ for $n=4$,
→$(n-1) d^2 n s^2$ for $n=4$,
Calculate the wavelength of an electron that has been accelerated in a particle accelerator through a potential difference of 100 million volts.
$\left(1 \mathrm{eV}=1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{~J}, \mathrm{~m}_{\mathrm{e}}=9.1 \times 10^{-31} \mathrm{~kg}, \mathrm{~h}=6.6 \times 10^{-34} \mathrm{~J}, \mathrm{c}=3.0 \times 10^8 \mathrm{~ms}^{-1}\right)$.
→$\left(1 \mathrm{eV}=1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{~J}, \mathrm{~m}_{\mathrm{e}}=9.1 \times 10^{-31} \mathrm{~kg}, \mathrm{~h}=6.6 \times 10^{-34} \mathrm{~J}, \mathrm{c}=3.0 \times 10^8 \mathrm{~ms}^{-1}\right)$.
Why is hydrogen peroxide stored in wax lined bottles?
The density of gas is $1.964 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~L}^{-1}$ at 273 K and 76 cm Hg . Calculate molar mass of the gas. $\left[\mathrm{R}=0.082 \mathrm{~L} \mathrm{~atm} \mathrm{~K}^{-1} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\right]$
→Identify A, B, C and D and give their chemical formulae.
→- $\text{A}+\text{NaCl}\xrightarrow{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ }\text{NaCl}+\text{NH}_3+\text{H}_2\text{O}$
- $\text{NH}_3+\text{CO}_2+\text{H}_2\text{O}\xrightarrow{ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }\text{B}$
- $\text{B}+\text{NaCl}\xrightarrow{ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }\text{C}+\text{NH}_4\text{Cl}$
- $\text{C}\xrightarrow{\text{Heat}}\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3+\text{H}_2\text{O}+\text{D}$
Assign the position of the element having outer electronic configuration. $(n-2) f^7(n-1) d^1 n s^2$ for $n=6$, in the periodic table.
→Write IUPAC names of the following compound: $\text{CH}_3(\text{CH}_2)_4\text{CH}(\text{CH}_2)_3\text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_2-\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)_2$
→The empirical formula and molecular mass of a compound are $\text{CH}_2\text{O}$ and 180g respectively. What will be the molecular formula of the compound?
→What is oxidation state of Cr in $\left[\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\right)_6\right] \mathrm{Cl}_3$
→Name the compounds whose line formulae are given below.
