Explanation:
Each isotopes in the nucleus of hydrogen has one proton (Z = 1). but protium has no neutron, deutrium has 1 neutron and tritium has 2 neutrons.
Explanation:
Atomic mass of a compound is measured in atomic mass units abbreviated as amu or u. One atomic mass unit is defined as $\frac{1}{12}$th of mass of a single carbon-12 atom.
Explanation:
Alpha rays, beta-plus and beta-minus rays carry charged particles that show particle behaviour. On the other hand, gamma rays carry photons that show particle as well as wave behaviour. Hence, only gamma rays are electromagnetic waves.
Explanation:
A nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei of low atomic number fuse to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy is called nuclear fusion.
Explanation:
Fusion is the process that powers the sun and the stars. It is the reaction in which two atoms of hydrogen combine together or fuse to form an atom of helium. In this process some of the mass of the hydrogen converted into energy.
Explanation:
The mass of 1 amu is equivalent to an energy of 931 MeV.
Explanation:
2.5 neutrons on the average are released by the fission of each Uranium-235 nucleus that absorbs a low energy neutron.
Explanation:
If an alpha particle is bombarded on a nitrogen (N-14) nucleus, an oxygen (O-17) nucleus and a proton are released.
According to the conservation of mass and charge,
$^4_2\text{He}+\text{ }^{14}_7\text{N}\rightarrow\text{ }^{17}_6\text{O}+\text{ }^1_1\text{p}$
So, the emitted particle is a proton.
Explanation:
The Sun produces energy by the nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium in its core.
Explanation:
Mass defect = mass of nucleons - mass of nucleus
= (3 × 1.007277 + 4t008665) − 7.016005
= 0.040486amu
$≈$ 0.04050
Explanation:
57Co is undergoing beta decay, i.e. electron is being produced. But an electron has very less mass (9.11 × 10-31kg) as compared to the Co atom. Therefore, after 570 days, even though the atoms undergo large beta decay, the weight of the material in the container will be nearly 10g.
Explanation:
Isotopes of the same element must have same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
Also the isotopes of same element are located at same place in the periodic table and undergo same chemical reaction.
Explanation:
Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei come close enough to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons and/or protons).
The difference in mass between the products and reactants is manifested as the release of large amounts of energy.
A hydrogen bomb derives its energy from this type of nuclear reaction.
Solution:
Key coneept:
Nuclear Fusion: In nuclear fusion two or more than two lighter nuclei combine to form a single heavy nucleus. The mass of a single nucleus so formed is less than the sum of the masses of parent nuclei. This difference in mass results in the release of tremendous amount of energy To achieve fusion, you need to create special conditions to overcome this tendency.
Here are the conditions that make fusion possible:
High Temperature: The high temperature gives the hydrogen atoms enough energy to overcome the electrical repulsion between the protons.
High pressure: Pressure squeezes the hydrogen atoms together. They must be within 1 × 10-15 metres of each other to fuse.
Fusion processes are impossible at ordinary temperatures and pressures. The reason is that nuclei are positively charged and nuclear forces are short range strongest forces. In order to force two hydrogen nuclei together, we need to have a very high pressure, or a very high temperature, or both. A high pressure helps because it causes all the hydrogen nuclei in the sun to squeeze into a smaller space. Then there is more chance of one hydrogen bumping into another. A high temperature helps because it makes the hydrogen nuclei move faster. They need this extra speed so that they can get close together and join. It is as if the nucleus has to break through a barrier, and so the faster it is moving, the greater chance it has.
So, at the "normal" temperature and pressure on earth, a hydrogen nucleus has basically no chance of ever joining with another hydrogen nucleus.
Important point: We know that in the middle of the sun, where the temperature is about 16 million degrees, and the pressure is 250 billion atmospheres, hydrogen nuclei will sometimes have enough energy to join together. (An atmosphere is the "normal", pressure of the air here on earth. A pressure of 250 billion atmospheres is like having a large mountain piled on top of you!)
Solution:
The two samples of the Two radioactive nuclides A and B can simultaneously have the same decay rate at any time if initial rate of decay of A is twice the initial fate of decay of B and $\lambda_\text{A}>\lambda_\text{B}$. Also, when initial rate of decay of B is same as rate of decay of A at t = 2h and $\lambda_\text{B}>\lambda_\text{A}$.
Explanation:
The process of splitting a nucleus is called nuclear fission. Uranium or plutonium isotopes are normally used as the fuel in nuclear reactors, because their atoms have relatively large nuclei that are easy to split, especially when hit by neutrons.
When fission of an element takes place when hit by a neutron, further more neutrons are released. The additional neutrons released may also hit other uranium or plutonium nuclei and cause them to split. Even more neutrons are then released, which in turn can split more nuclei. This is called a chain reaction.
Explanation:
In nuclear physics, a unit used for measurement of mass is unified atomic mass unit, which is denoted by u.
It is defined such that
$1\text{u}=\frac{1}{12}\times$ (Mass of neutral carbon atom in its ground state)
Mass of neutral carbon atom in its ground state = 12 × 1u = 12u
Thus, the mass of neutral carbon atom in its ground state is exactly 12u.
Explanation:
Ionic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions. The ions have been produced as a result of transfer of electrons between two atoms with a large difference in electronegativity.
As the ionic bond is a strong bond high energy is required to break the bond. Hence high temperature is needed to indicate the nucleus fusion reaction.
Explanation:
Magnetic force acts on a charged particle, due to which it deflects from its path. The magnitude of this force is measured as $\Big|\overrightarrow{\text{F}}\Big|=\Big|\text{q}\Big(\overrightarrow{\text{v}}\times\overrightarrow{\text{B}}\Big)\Big|.$
Here, q is the charge on the particle that is moving with speed v in a uniform magnetic field B.
Since alpha, beta-plus and beta-minus are charged particles, they suffer deflection due to the field applied. On the other hand, gamma rays are photons and due to zero charge, they do not suffer any deflection.
Explanation:
(NH4)2CO3 is the chemical formula of ammonium carbonate.
N = 14 × (2) = 28
H = 1 × (4×2) = 8
C = 12 × 1 = 12
O = 16 × 3 = 48
Molar mass = 28 + 8 + 12 + 48 = 96 g/mol
Explanation:
After release of helium, there will be decrease in atomic number by 2 and mass number by 4.
Explanation:
$^4_2$He→$^4_2$He+2+2e−
$^4_2$He+2 is alpha particle. Because it has charge equal to +2e and mass is four times the mass of one proton.
Explanation:
Mass number of a nucleus is defined as the sum of the number of neutron and protons present in the nucleus, i.e. the number of nucleons in the nucleus, whereas atomic number is equal to the number of protons present. Therefore, the atomic number is smaller than the mass number. But in the nucleus (like that of hydrogen 1H1), only protons are present. Due to this, the mass number is equal to the atomic number.
Explanation:
The first three options are correct from the definition of Binding energy.
B.E. has nothing to do with K.E. of the nucleons in nucleus.
Explanation:
The binding energy is the energy released when a nucleus is assembled from its constituent nucleons. It is thus a measure of the amount of energy held within the bonds of the atom and corresponds to the energy required to be put in again to pull the nucleons apart. Hence, the energy equivalent of the mass-defect is called the binding-energy of the nucleus.
The larger the nucleus, the greater is the internal repulsive forces due to the greater number of protons and less energy must be applied to remove a nucleon from the nucleus, hence the binding energy is lower. The greater the binding energy, the more stable the atom is.
This variation in the binding energy per nucleon $(\frac{\text{BE}}{\text{A}})$ is easily seen when the average $\frac{\text{BE}}{\text{A}}$ is plotted versus atomic mass number (A), as shown in the figure, as the atomic mass number increases i.e. the number of particles in a nucleus increases, the total binding energy also increases first and then decreases for A > 56.
Explanation:
In alpha particle decay, the unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle reducing its proton number Z by 4 and neutron number N by 2 such that the element gets changed.
$\text{ }^{\text{A}}_{\text{Z}}\text{X}\rightarrow\text{ }^{\text{A}-4}_{\text{Z}-2}\text{Y}+\text{ }^4_2\text{He}$
During $\beta^--\text{decay},$ a neutron is converted to a proton, an electron and an antineutrino, i.e. an active nucleus gets converted to one of its isobars and hence the element gets changed.
$\text{ }^{\text{A}}_{\text{Z}}\text{X}\rightarrow\text{ }^{\text{A}}_{\text{Z}+1}\text{Y}+\text{e}+\bar{\text{v}}$
During $\beta^+-\text{decay},$ a proton in the nucleus is converted to a neutron, a positron and a neutrino in order to maintain the stability of the nucleus, i.e. an active nucleus gets converted to one of its isobars and hence the element gets changed.
$\text{ }^{\text{A}}_{\text{Z}}\text{X}\rightarrow\text{ }^{\text{A}}_{\text{Z}-1}\text{Y}+\beta^++\text{v}$
When a nucleus is in higher excited state or has excess of energy, it comes to the ground state in order to become stable and release energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation called gamma ray. Hence, the element in gamma decay doesn't change.
Explanation:
1H2 + 1H2 → 2He4 is a fusion reaction because here two smaller nuclei fuse together to form a single stable nuclei.
Explanation:
For fission, energy to be realeased
E = (BE)products − (BE)reactants
If products have to be more stable than the reactant, the BE per nucleon has to be higher for products.
Hence, it releases the energy and reaction continues.
Explanation:
mass number = no.of protons + no.of neutrons
Given that mass number of P = 32
Atomic number (no. of electrons = no. of protons) = 17
Number of neutrons = 32 − 17 = 15
Hence, P satisfies the requirement.
Explanation:
The binding energy of the product nucleus will be greater than that of the reacting nuclei, because when two light nuclei fuse to form relatively heavier nucleus, energy is released. And the higher the binding energy, the more stable the nucleus is.
Explanation:
To find the binding energy, add the masses of the individual protons, neutrons, and electrons, subtract the mass of the atom, and convert that mass difference to energy.
Explanation:
Nuclear binding energy accounts for a noticeable difference between the actual mass of an atom's nucleus and its expected mass based on the sum of the masses of its non-bound components. The release in energy accounts for the stability of the bound atom.
Quantitatively, mass defect = $Δ$M = Mprotons + Mneutrons − Matom
Explanation:
Atomic mass is an average mass of different atoms of an element, as most elements have different isotopes. Atomic mass is usually not a whole number. It can be a fraction.
Solution:
Key concept:
Neutron-protob ratio $\Big(\frac{\text{N}}{2}\text{ ratio}\Big)$: The chemical properties of an atom are governed entirely by the number of protons (Z) in the nucleus, the stability of an atom appears to depend on both the number of protons and the number of neutrons.
Explanation:
The nuclear force between a neutron and proton is the result of the exchange of charged mesons ($\pi^+\pi^-$) between them.
Explanation:
The energy released during this during this in form of gamma photon comes from mass defect (i.e., E = mc2, where m is the mass defect).
The mass of the deuterium nucleus (2.01355 u) is less than the sum of the masses of the proton (1.00728 u) and the neutron (1.00866 u), which is 2.01594 u.
Explanation:
92V238 + n → 92A239
92A239 → 93B239+e
92B239 → 94C239+e
Finding the element C from periodic table
94Pu239
Explanation:
Isotope nucleus means that those nucleus has same protons number but different neutrons and mass number. Since chlorine has 17 protons so its isotope also will have 17 protons.
Explanation:
Sir Einstein's mass-energy equation states that mass and energy can be converted into each other by the following relation.
E = mc2, (c = speed of light)
This implies that a small amount of mass contains a lot of energy, which can be proved with an example.
Let we have a mass of 1g = 10−3kg , therefore energy produced by it will be:
E = 10−3 × ( 3 × 108 ) 2 = 9 × 1013J
which is a vast amount energy produced by only one gram (small mass) of mass.
Whereas a small amount of energy doesn't give a large amount of mass because for that we have to divide the energy by c2, which gives a small mass.
Explanation:
Radius of a nucleus with mass number A is given as
$\text{R}=\text{R}_{\text{0}}\text{A}^{\frac{1}{3}}$
Here, $\text{R}_0=1.2\text{fm}$
$\therefore$ Volume of the nucleus $=\frac{4\pi\text{R}^3}{3}=\frac{4\pi\text{R}^3\text{A}}{3}$
This depends on A. With an increase in A, V increases proportionally.
Mass of the nucleus $\simeq\text{Am}_{\text{N}}$
Here, mN is the mass of a nucleon.
Therefore, mass of the nucleus also increases with the increasing mass number. Binding energy also depends on mass number (number of nucleons) as it is the difference between the total mass of the constituent nucleons and the nucleus. Therefore, it also varies with the changing mass number.
On the other hand,
$\text{Density}=\frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$
$=\frac{\text{Am}_{\text{N}}}{\frac{4\pi\text{R}3}{3}}=\frac{\text{Am}_{\text{N}}}{\frac{4\pi\text{R}_0^3\text{A}}{3}}=\frac{\text{m}_{\text{N}}}{\frac{4\pi\text{R}_0^3}{3}}=\frac{3\text{m}_{\text{N}}}{4\pi\text{R}_{0}^3}$
This is independent of A and hence does not change as mass number increases.
Explanation:
In a beta decay, either a neutron is converted to a proton or a proton is converted to a neutron such that the mass number does not change. Also, the number of the nucleons present in the nucleus remains the same. Thus, the active nucleus gets converted to one of its isobars after beta decay.
Explanation:
Hydrogen is the lightest element in the universe with atomic number 1 and so, it has the simplest atomic structure.
Explanation:
The activity of radioisotope is not affected by any external condition of temperature, pressure or chemical change.
Explanation:
Lithium atom contains 3 protons and 3 neutrons in the nucleus and 3 valence electrons. When two lithium nuclei are brought together, they repel each other. The attractive nuclear forces being short-range are insignificant as compared to the electrostatic repulsion. Thus, the nuclei do not combine to form carbon atom because of coulomb repulsion.
Explanation:
Isotopes of the same element must have same number of protons but different number of neutrons and hence they have different mass.
Also the isotopes of same element are not equally abundant in nature.