Question 13 Marks
Answer
View full question & answer→(i) Thyroid gland
(ii) Thyroxine regulates basal metabolism of the body.
(iii) Iodine
(ii) Thyroxine regulates basal metabolism of the body.
(iii) Iodine
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Question 23 Marks
Answer
View full question & answer→(i) Thyroxine - It controls tissue metabolism and growth.
(ii) Endocrine part of gland 3 (pancreas) consists of Islets of Langerhans, which are special group of cells. It has alpha ( $\propto$ ), Beta ( $\beta$ ) and Delta ( $\delta$ ) cells.
(iii) Adrenal gland (4).
(ii) Endocrine part of gland 3 (pancreas) consists of Islets of Langerhans, which are special group of cells. It has alpha ( $\propto$ ), Beta ( $\beta$ ) and Delta ( $\delta$ ) cells.
(iii) Adrenal gland (4).
Question 33 Marks
Answer
View full question & answer→1. (i) Glucagon is produced by alpha ( $\propto$ ) cells of pancreas.
(ii) Insulin is produced by beta ( $\beta$ ) cells of pancreas.
2. (i) Glucagon - It converts glycogen (of liver) into glucose. Thus, it raises blood sugar level.
(ii) Insulin - It converts glucose into glycogen, thus lowers blood glucose level and induces protein synthesis. This hormone also increases oxidation of glucose to $CO _2$ in the tissue.
3. Pancreas is referred as an exoendocrine gland. As exocrine gland, its secretion is poured into the duodenum for digestion. As a ductless or endocrine gland, it has special group of cells which secrete hormones.
(ii) Insulin is produced by beta ( $\beta$ ) cells of pancreas.
2. (i) Glucagon - It converts glycogen (of liver) into glucose. Thus, it raises blood sugar level.
(ii) Insulin - It converts glucose into glycogen, thus lowers blood glucose level and induces protein synthesis. This hormone also increases oxidation of glucose to $CO _2$ in the tissue.
3. Pancreas is referred as an exoendocrine gland. As exocrine gland, its secretion is poured into the duodenum for digestion. As a ductless or endocrine gland, it has special group of cells which secrete hormones.
Question 43 Marks
Answer
View full question & answer→(i) In the neck
(ii) 1 - Larynx 2 - Thyroid gland 3 - Trachea
(iii) 1 - Production of sound 2 - Production of thyroxine hormone 3 - Helps in breathing
(ii) 1 - Larynx 2 - Thyroid gland 3 - Trachea
(iii) 1 - Production of sound 2 - Production of thyroxine hormone 3 - Helps in breathing
Question 53 Marks
Differentiate between
Diabetes mellitus and Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus and Diabetes insipidus
Answer
View full question & answer→| Diabetes insipidus | Diabetes mellitus |
| This is due to under-secretion of anti-diuretic hormone. | This is due to failure of secretion of insulin. |
| It is marked by loss of excess water in urine. | It is marked by loss of excess glucose in urine. |
| Osmotic balance of the body is disturbed. | Total metabolism of the body is disturbed. |
| Body's healing power is not affected. | Body's healing capacity is impaired. |
Question 63 Marks
Differentiate between
Hormone and Enzyme
Hormone and Enzyme
Answer
View full question & answer→| Hormone | Enzyme |
| They are produced by endocrine glands. | They are produced by exocrine glands. |
| Chemically they may be proteins, steroids or their derivatives. | All enzymes are proteins. |
| They are secreted at one site and act at another. | They act at their site of secretion or pass through ducts to their site of action. |
| Hormone-regulated processes are not reversible. | Enzyme-mediated reactions are reversible. |
| "They are effective in low concentration. Their under-secretion or over-secretion affects body metabolism and growth." | They act in low concentration. An increase or decrease in their concentration affects the rate of the process." |
| They act either slowly or rapidly. | They act quickly. |
Question 73 Marks
Differentiate between
Endocrine gland and Exocrine gland
Endocrine gland and Exocrine gland
Answer
View full question & answer→| Endocrine Glands | Exocrine Glands |
| These are ductless glands. | They may or may not have ducts. |
| They pour secretion directly into the blood. | The secretion is poured directly at the site of action or reaches the target. |
| They secrete hormones. | They secrete enzymes. |
| They control long-term activities of target organs, e.g., thyroid glands. | They control short-term activity, e.g., gastric gland. |
Question 83 Marks
Differentiate between
Nervous control and Hormonal control
Nervous control and Hormonal control
Answer
View full question & answer→| Nervous Control | Hormonal Control |
| The information is sent in the form of electric signals. | The information is sent in the form of chemical signals. |
| The signals travel through nerve fibres to specific target cells like muscle fibres and glands. | The signals travel through bloodstream to cells in different organs. |
| The nervous system causes muscles to contract or relax, glands to secrete more or less. But it cannot bring about growth. | Endocrine system brings about changes in metabolic activities of all body tissues. It affects growth. |
| Action is immediate (within few milliseconds). | Action is slow (can take hours or days to produce response). |
| Effect lasts for a short time. | Effect is more lasting and permanent. |