How is agricultural diversification helpful for farmers? Explain.

What are the limitations of rural credit in India?

Explain the project 'TANWA'.

Discuss the problems of fishing community and give some suggestions.

What do you know about the programme "Kudumbashree"?

Give an account of how moneylenders kept the small and marginal farmers in a debt-trap at the time of independence.

Mention briefly the problems related to agricultural finance in India.

What are the alternative channels available for agricultural marketing? Give some examples.

Explain different sources of credit in rural areas.

How has Tamil Nadu Women in Agriculture (TANWA) encouraged women to participate in raising agricultural productivity?

 Is it possible to develop information technology as an alternate livelihood option? Give reasons.

What is 'Organic farming'? Mention any two advantages of organic farming in India.

How are credit and marketing significant for the progress of agriculture?

Why is rural development of tremendous importance for our country?

Why is state intervention necessary to regulate the activities of private traders in the rural agricultural sector?

What are the chief features of regulated markets?

Discuss how the use of Information Technology can help in rural development of India.

Enlist some problems faced by farmers during the initial years of organic farming.

Mention some obstacles that hinder the mechanism of agricultural marketing.

Briefly explain the role of buffer stocks in the context of agricultural marketing.

Organic faming is a holistic way of life. Do you agree? Support your answer with arguments.

Describe any four suggestions to improve agriculture marketing.​​​​​​​

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 4.
The government is planning to enhance welfare schemes for villagers by making sure that all eligible people in various database in different ministries get benefits.
Officials said they have begun the process by looking at the Aadhar-based list of ration card holders and the rural development ministry's data on deprived household.
"The convergence of data will help in mapping the eligible people in rural areas who are still not covered under Food Security Act that provides rice and wheat at subsidised prices. At the same time, it will bring a fair picture of rural households in the country which are deprived of basic amenities. This will also help government to reach out to people who are in need", said a food ministry official. The government has database of more than 800 million beneficiaries covered under Food Security Act. It has implemented 'one nation one ration card' scheme in 28 states and 8 union territories covering 686 million people where a person can get subsidised foodgrains from any ration shop irrespective of the State, Municipality or Panchayat where the person is registered.
Source: The Economic Times, November 19, 2020

1. Rice and wheat are provided at............. prices.

1. Normal
2. Higher
3. Subsidized
4. None of these

2. Food Security Act implemented:

1. one tax one nation
2. one nation one ration card
3. demonetization
4. None of the above

3. Rural households are............. of basic amenities.

1. Privileged
2. Deprived
3. Spoiled
4. None of these

4. Officials have begun the process by working at the ............. use of ration card holders.

1. PAN
2. Aadhar
3. Voter card
4. None of these         

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 4.
The revolutionary, 'Billion-litre idea' and execution of the world's largest dairy-agricultural development programme, 'Operation Flood' transformed India from a nation with potential in the dairy industry to a nation with massive production of milk and dairy products.
Operation Flood is the programme initiated by the National Dairy Development Board to speed up "the White Revolution." It created a national milk grid linking producers throughout India with consumers in over 700 towns and cities, reducing seasonal and regional price variations while ensuring that the producer gets a major share of the price, consumers pay, by cutting out middlemen.
The bedrock of Operation Flood that made the White Revolution a success, was village milk producers' cooperatives, which procured milk and provided inputs and services, making mode management and technology available to members.

1. Operation Flood was initiated in:

1. 1965
2. 1966
3. 1967
4. 1968

2. Operation Flood is based on the model of....................?

1. cooperative marketing
2. regulated marketing
3. Both [a] and [b]
4. None of the above

3. Operation Flood was first commenced in..............?

1. Gujarat
2. Andhra Pradesh
3. Uttar Pradesh
4. Bihar

4. Operation Flood is an example of............. of productive activity in the rural areas.

1. centralisation
2. diversification
3. Both [a] and [b]
4. None of the above             

Which are the areas that need fresh initiatives for development in India?OR
What are the key issues in rural development?

Match the following.

S.No
1.	Green revolution	Fruits production
2.	Yellow revolution	Milk production
3.	White revolution	Food grains production
4.	Golden revolution	Oilseeds production

Codes:

S No.	I	II	III	IV
(a)	(iv)	(i)	(ii)	(iii)
(b)	(iii)	(i)	(ii)	(iv)
(c)	(iii)	(iv)	(ii)	(i)
(d)	(iv)	(iii)	(i)	(ii)

Explain why after the initiation of reforms, the growth rate of agriculture sector decelerated to about 3% per annum during 1991-2011.

It is stated that Indian agriculture is no longer a subsistence occupation'. State the value of statement highlighting the diversification of agriculture in India.

Explain the role of non-farm employment in promoting rural diversification.

Do you think various measures taken by the government to improve agricultural marketing are sufficient? Discuss.

‘Information technology plays a very significant role in achieving sustainable development and food security’ -comment.

Write a short note on NABARD.

What is organic farming? Explain why should we adopt it?

What is organic farming and how does it promote sustainable development?

Define agricultural marketing. Outline the agricultural marketing system that existed before independence. Give any two measures of state intervention in this direction.

State some measures to be taken relating to finance, so that the objective of rural development is achieved.

Why is it being considered necessary to replace the private moneylenders by institutional sources of credit?

Analyse the role played by the non-farm sector in providing sustainable livelihood in rural areas.

Explain the steps taken by the government in developing rural markets.

Why is agricultural diversification essential for sustainable livelihoods?

Explain the benefits and limitations of organic farming.

Distinguish between 'Green Revolution' and 'Golden Revolution’.

Explain the role of micro-credit in meeting credit requirements of the poor.

Analyse the recent source of rural credit which has emerged to fill the gap in the formal credit system.

What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.

Identify the benefits and limitations of organic farming.

Critically evaluate the role of the rural banking system in the process of rural development in India.

Discuss some of the institutional weaknesses in Indian agriculture.

Bring out the importance of animal husbandry, fisheries and horticulture as a source of diversification.

_______% of rural workers are regular salaried employed:

1. 7
2. 14
3. 40
4. 72

An establishment in which 8 workers are employed is called

1. Informal sector.
2. Secondary sector.
3. Tertiary sector.
4. Formal sector.

You are a factory owner and have given employment to 400 workers. If 10 workers are dismissed by you without loss of production then this situation will be described as:

1. Casual unemployment.
2. Disguised unemployment.
3. Structural unemployment.
4. Seasonal unemployment.

Those activities which contribute to the gross national product are termed as:

1. Production activity.
2. Economic activity.
3. Both.
4. None of the above.

Who of the following is expected to have most stable income?

1. Casual wage laborer.
2. Regular salaried employee.
3. Self-employed.
4. Informal sector employee.

Men get opportunity to work in:

1. Primary sector.
2. Secondary sector.
3. Service sector.
4. Both (a) and (c).

Rate of unemployment is equal to:

1. No. of persons employed/ size of labour force × 100.
2. No. of persons unemployed/ size of labour force × 100.
3. No. of unemployed persons/ 100 × labour force.
4. None of the above.

When a worker is engaged by someone and paid wages on daily basis called:

1. Casual wage laborer.
2. Regular salaried employee.
3. Self-employed.
4. Wage employed.

Workers who are on permanent pay-roll of their employer are called:

1. Self-employed workers.
2. Casual workers.
3. Regular workers.
4. None of the above.

Which form of unemployment is most common in rural areas?

1. Disguised.
2. Open.
3. Seasonal.
4. Both a and c.

In India ratio of men to women in total workforce is:

1. 70:30
2. 30:70
3. 60:40
4. 40:60

The workers who own and operate an enterprise to earn their livelihood are known as:

1. Employees.
2. Self-employed.
3. Hired workers.
4. None of these

When a person arranges his own resources to earn a livelihood, he is called:

1. Casual wage laborer.
2. Regular salaried employee.
3. Self-employed.
4. Wage employed.

How can a country's net earning be positive?

1. When imports are more than exports.
2. When exports are more than imports.
3. When imports and exports are equal.
4. None of the above.

Agriculture labourers, farmers, owners of small enterprise which employ less than 10 workers fall in the category of:

1. Formal sector.
2. Informal sector.
3. Casual workers.
4. Regular workers.

Who of the following is employed in informal sector?

1. A private school teacher with 50 teachers.
2. Nurse in a government hospital.
3. Driver of a Chartered Accountant.
4. A police constable.

Out of the following, who are not considered as worker?

1. Beggar
2. Farmer
3. Teacher
4. Thief
5. Actor
6. Gambler
7. Landless labour

1. 1, 4 and 6
2. 2, 3 and 5
3. 5, 4, 2 and 7
4. 7, 6, 4 and 1

Working conditions are better for:

1. Casual wage laborer.
2. Regular salaried employee.
3. Self-employed.
4. Formal Sector Employee.

Which of the following is not a formal sector employer in India?

1. Defence.
2. Banks.
3. Call Centers.
4. Railways.

Employment in India is facing the problems related

1. Informalisation of workforce.
2. Jobless growth.
3. Casualisation of workforce.
4. All of the above.

Which of the following is/ are the reason(s) why informal sector of employment is not better?

1. Do not get regular income.
2. Dismissed without compensation.
3. No protection from government.
4. All of these.

Data on unemployment in India can be obtained from which source?

1. Reports of Census of India.
2. National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO).
3. Directorate General of Employment.
4. All the above.

Find the odd one out.

1. A private school teacher in a school with only 25 teachers.
2. A nurse in a government hospital.
3. Cycle-rickshaw puller.
4. A civil engineer working in a construction company which has 10 workers.

If a person is absent from her due to maternity leave, will she be considered a worker?

1. Yes.
2. No.
3. If she is getting salary during leave.
4. If she is in formal sector.

Due to the recent efforts of which international body the Indian government, initiated the modernisation of informal sector?

1. World Bank.
2. WTO.
3. International Labour Organisation.
4. G-20.

Who enjoys social security benefits?

1. Formal sector.
2. Informal sector.
3. Both of them.
4. None.

Two months ago, Shyam was working as part time salesman on commission basis in a company. Due to his excellent performance, company appointed him as a permanent sales manager on fixed monthly salary. From the point of view of employment currently he is:

1. Skilled worker.
2. Regular salaried worker.
3. Unskilled worker.
4. Casual wage labour.

______% of female workers are engaged in regular salaried work:

1. 12
2. 14
3. 8
4. 55

Which one is the cause of unemployment in India?

1. Rapid growth of population.
2. Rising prices.
3. Increasing public expenditure.
4. Defective monetary policy.

Unemployment is a situation in which people who are _______ and ______ to work but are not getting work.

1. Incapable and willing.
2. Capable and not willing.
3. Incapable and not willing.
4. Capable and willing.

Presently, ______ sector is the biggest employment provider in the country.

1. Primary.
2. Secondary.
3. Tertiary.
4. None of these.

_______ degree of worker population ratio is better for country.

1. Lower.
2. Moderate.
3. Higher.
4. None of these.

Number of persons employed:

1. Will be high if labour participation rate is high.
2. Will be high if population is more.
3. Will be high if there is less gender inequality.
4. All of the above.

All the public sector establishments and those private sector establishments which employ ______ hired workers or more are called formal sector.

1. 25
2. 20
3. 15
4. 10

Services of a housewife are considered as:

1. Economic activity.
2. Non economic activity.
3. Regular consumption.
4. Leisure time activity.

In work force Participation rate for women is ________ in rural areas as compared with urban areas:

1. Lower.
2. Higher.
3. Maximum.
4. Minimum.

Most of India's work force is engaged in:

1. Primary sector.
2. Secondary sector.
3. Tertiary sector.
4. Formal sector.

Hired worker can be categorised into two parts, they are:

1. Self worker
2. Skilled worker
3. Regular salaried worker
4. Unskilled worker
5. Casual wage labour

1. Both I and III.
2. Both II and IV.
3. Both III and V.
4. Both Ill and IV.

Into how many units have economic activities been divided?

1. 7.
2. 8.
3. 10.
4. 12.

Developmental strategies in many countries, including India, have aimed at _______ the proportion of people depending on agriculture.

1. Increasing.
2. Equalisation.
3. No changing.
4. Reducing Answers.

After the workers lost their jobs in 1980's, which city experienced an economic recession and communal riots?

1. Ahmedabad.
2. Bombay.
3. Allahabad.
4. Bangalore.

Unemployment is defined as:

1. The section of the population that is not capable of being employed.
2. The section of population willing to work but unable to find employment.
3. The section of population that is waiting to be employed.
4. The section of population that are without the skills needed by employers.

_______ are voluntary organisations of workers formed to promote and protect the interests of workers through collective action.

1. Labour unions.
2. Trade unions.
3. Cooperative organisation.
4. None of the above.

Ramu has his own land on which he grows only one crop in a year. He works only for 5 to 7 months in a year. The kind of unemployment he faces in the remaining part of the year is called:

1. Disguised unemployment.
2. Seasonal unemployment.
3. Frictional unemployment.
4. Cyclic unemployment.

_____ % of females are working in urban areas:

1. 12
2. 14
3. 43
4. 72

Workforce provided employment by the secondary sector is:

1. 20%
2. 24%
3. 26%
4. 27%

Worker is a person who is engaged in:

1. Production activity.
2. Consumption activity.
3. Looking for work.
4. None of the above.

Worker population ratio indicate _______ in the country.

1. Unemployment situation.
2. Employment situation.
3. Economic situation.
4. Working situation.

Which of the following is unemployed?

1. A student.
2. A housewife.
3. A thief.
4. An MCA looking for job.