Why do so many children drop out from different levels of education in India?

Do you think the current level of education expenditure is inadequate? Why?

'Human resource is the main economic factor’. Discuss.

Why and how do firms give on-the-job-training to their workers?

Explain the role of education in human capital formation.

Why unemployment is highest among the educated youth?

Explain the concept of vocationalisation of education.

Give an account of growth of education sector in India.

Write a brief note on National Literacy Mission.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 3.
The concept of human capital has relatively more importance in labour surplus countries. The surplus-labour in these countries is the human resource available in more abundance than the tangible capital resource. The problem of scarcity of tangible capital in the labour surplus countries can be resolved by accelerating the rate of human capital formation with both private and public investment in the education and health sectors of their national economies. The statistical indicator of estimating human development in each nation is Human Development Index (HDI). It is the combination of the “Life Expectancy Index”, “Education Index” and “Income Index”. Human capital is the backbone of human development and economic development in every nation.

1. In which countries concept of human capital is more important?

1. Labour surplus countries
2. Capital surplus countries
3. Both a) and b)
4. None of these

2. Which of the following statement is correct?

1. Human capital increase labour productivity, human development helps in making better choice in future.
2. Human capital helps in making a better choice in future, human development enhances labour productivity.
3. Human capital formation in end in itself, human development is a mean to an end that is increasing in labour productivity.
4. None of these

3. Which of the following is not the part of human development index?

1. Literacy
2. Liberty
3. Health
4. Income

Give any three challenges facing Indian education system.

Distinguish between Physical Capital Formation and Human Capital Formation.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 3.
India realized the significance of human capital in financial development in its early stages. The Seventh Five Year Plan says, ‘Human Resource improvement has essentially to be appointed a key part in any development technique, especially in a nation with such a grand population. The reason for this action plan being:
Higher Productivity of Physical Capital: Human capital boosts the productivity of physical capital as skillful and professional operatives can understand and function the machines or guidelines efficiently than untrained operatives. Human Capital encourages the advancement of new techniques for production and this results in the increase of economic development in the shape of an increase in GDP.

1. In which five year plan, India realised the importance of Human capital?

1. Sixth
2. Seventh
3. Eighth
4. Ninth

2. Human capital formation is very important especially for the nations which have ________ population.

1. Small
2. Very Small
3. Large
4. None of these

3. Human capital leads to an increase in ______________?

1. Quality of life
2. Standard of living
3. Both (a) and (b)
4. None of these

Why there is a need to promote women's education in India?

How is the government expenditure on education expressed? Which in your opinion is a better measure?

What role can the government play in human capital formation in India?

Give an account of report published by World Bank on Indian economy as a knowledge economy.

Identify how Human Development Index is calculated? What is the position of India in the World Human Development Index?

Is expenditure on migration a source of human capital formation? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Examine the role of education in the economic development of a nation.OR
'Education plays a significant role in economic development'. Discuss.

Education is a challenging proposition for Indian economy. Discuss.

Why do we observe regional differences in educational attainment in India?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 4.
Both forms of capital formation are the outcomes of conscious investment decisions. The decision regarding investment in physical capital is taken on the basis of one’s knowledge in this regard. The entrepreneur possesses the knowledge to calculate the expected rates of return to a range of investments and then rationally decides which one of the investments should be made. The ownership of physical capital is the outcome of the conscious decision of the owner the physical capital formation is mainly an economic and technical process.
Human capital formation takes place in one’s life when she/he is unable to decide whether it would maximize her/ his earnings. Children are given different types of school education and health care facilities by their parents and society. Moreover, the human capital formation at this stage is dependent upon the already formed human capital at the school level. Human capital formation is partly a social process and partly a conscious decision of the possessor of the human capital.

1. Which of the following does not correctly differentiate between the physical and human capital?

1. Human capital is intangible whereas physical capital is tangible.
2. Human capital can cope up with the changing technology whereas physcical capital can not.
3. Human capital generates both personal and societal benefits whereas physical capital generates only personal benefit.
4. Human capital gets obsolete with time whereas physcial capital does not.

2. In the context of the paragraph, it can be argued that human capital depreciates faster than the physical capital. The given statement is:

1. True
2. False
3. Partially true
4. Can’t comment due to lack of proper estimation mechenism

3. Machines and industrial tools are examples of:

1. Physical capital
2. Human capital
3. Both physical and human capital
4. Natural capital

4. Investment in education by parents is the same as_______?

1. Investment in intermediate goods by companies
2. Investment in CSR activity by companies
3. Investment in capital goods by companies
4. None of the above

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 4.
Human capital, intangible collective resources possessed by individuals and groups within a given population. these resources include all the knowledge, talents, skills, abilities, experience, intelligence, training, judgment, and wisdom possessed individually and collectively, the cumulative total of which represents a form of wealth available to nations and organizations to accomplish their goals. The concept of human capital stems from the economic model of human resource capitalism, which emphasizes the relationship between improved productivity or performance and the need for continuous and long-term investments in the development of human resources. Investments in human capital are viewed as affecting national and global economic performance or, more narrowly, where investments in people are viewed as crucial to organization performance. For an organization, this model suggests that high productivity and performance depend on developing learning systems that reflect the commitment of an organization to its human resources. As a result, ongoing investments in training, skill development, and job enrichment engender a reciprocal commitment among members to organizational goals and objectives.

1. The stock of skill and expertise of a nation at a point of time is called _Capital.

1. Real
2. Physical
3. Human
4. None of these

2. Which of the following is not a source of Human Capital Formation?

1. Education
2. Saving
3. Health
4. Information

3. _is based on the idea that education and health are integral to human well-being.

1. Economic Development
2. Human Development
3. Social Growth
4. None of these

3. __________ is/ are the reason for rural-urban migration in India.

1. Unemployment
2. Health facilities
3. Money
4. All of these

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 4.Human capital can be defined as the body of knowledge possessed by the population and the capacity of the population to use the knowledge effectively. Until the late 1950s, no economist and any other social scientist did pay much attention to the role of investment in human beings as an important determinant of economic development. The birth of this idea can be dated from the presidential address of Prof. Theodore W. Schultze to the American Economic Association in December 1960. As a result, the concept of human capital formation came to the limelight. A circular relationship between human development and economic growth has come to be established. Economic growth creates conditions for better health and education facilities; which in turn spur economic growth.

1. Human Capital Formation came into existence in:

1. 1950
2. 1960
3. 1970
4. 1980

2. Economists say that the main key player of economic development is:

1. Human capital
2. Physical Capital
3. Real Capital
4. None of these

3. In _ Five year Plan, India emphasized on human capital formation.

1. 2nd
2. 3rd
3. 5th
4. 7th

4. ________ means an improvement in the quality of life and living standards, e.g., measures of literacy, life expectancy, and health care.

1. Economic growth
2. Economic development
3. Investment
4. None of these

Discuss the weaknesses of education sector in India.

Bring out the differences between human capital and human development.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 4. New Delhi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on saturday launched the Aushman Bharat Scheme via video conferencing to extend health insurance coverage to all residents of Jammu and Kashmir. The Prime Minister’s offie said the scheme will ensure universal health coverage, and focus on providing financial risk protection and ensuring quality and affordable essential health services to all individuals and communities. Union Home Minister Amit Shah and the Union Territory’s Lieutenant Governor, Manoj Sinha, also spoke on the occassion. The scheme will provide free of cost insurance cover to all residents of the UT of Jammu and Kashmir, the PMO said, adding that it will extend financial cover of upto ₹ 5 lakhs per family on a floater basis to all residents of the UT. There is provision for operational extension of the ‘Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana’ (PM – Jay) to approximately 15 lakh additional families, the PMO statement said, adding that the scheme will operate on insurance mode in convergence with PM-Jay. The benefits of the scheme will be portable across the country. The hospitals empanelled under the PM-Jay scheme provide services under this scheme as well, the PMO said.

1. What does the Ayushman Bharat Scheme provide?

1. Better health care facility
2. Cheaper health care facility
3. Health Insurance
4. All of the above

2. What is the main benefit of the scheme?

1. Bring a lot of people in the purview of health care.
2. Make health care affordable for the rich in India.
3. Alleviating poverty in India
4. Improving the education in India

3. The financial cover under the scheme is of _ per family?

1. ₹ 5 lakh
2. ₹ 15 lakh
3. ₹ 10 lakh
4. ₹ 20 lakh

4. __________ is the other name of the scheme.

1. PM – Jay
2. PM – JAI
3. PM – AJAY
4. None of the above

 

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 4.
The economic and social benefits of human capital formation and human development are well known. The union and state governments in India have been earmarking substantial financial outlays for the development of education and health sectors. The spread of education and health services across different sectors of society should be ensured so as to simultaneously attain economic growth and equity. India has a rich stock of scientific and technical manpower in the world. The need of the hour is to better it qualitatively and provide such conditions so that they are utilized in our own country.

1. For a improved health status of the country, family planning is quit essential. Which of the following is the main reason for family planning?

1. For birth control issues
2. For having unwanted pregnancies
3. For having child every year
4. To get pregnant before the age of twenty

2. What percentage of GDP is contributed towards health and educatoin sectors in India respectivley.

1. 1.8% and 4.6% respecively
2. 5.4% and 3.4% respectively
3. 7% and 7.4% respectively
4. 6% and 6.4% respectively

3. __ is not an indicator which measures the education status of the country?

1. year os schooling
2. Life expectancy
3. Teacher pupil ratio
4. Net attendance ratio

4. Health status of a country is relfected by indicators such as birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, life expectancy etc. The given statement is?

1. True
2. False
3. Partially true
4. Can’t comment

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 4.
People spend to acquire information relating to the labour market and other markets like education and health. This information is necessary to make decisions w.r.t investment in human capital and its efficient utilisation. Thus, expenditure incurred for acquiring information relating to the labour market and other markets is also a source of human capital formation.

1. Which of the following is the source of human capital formation in India?

1. Health
2. Migration
3. Acquiring information
4. All of these

2. Education provides:

1. Private benefit
2. Social benefit
3. Both (a) and (b)
4. None of these

3. persons contribute more to the growth of an economy.

1. Ducated
2. Healthy
3. Both (a) and (b)
4. None of these

4. Training given by a company to its employees is generally__________?

1. Investment
2. Social wastage
3. Both (a) and (b)
4. None of these

Keeping in view the present scenario, what should be the objectives of education in India?

Is the formation of human capital linked to man's all round development or, as it is now called human development?

The Education Commission in 1966, had recommended that at least 6% of GDP should be spent on education in India. However, even after 50 years of such a recommendation, the government continues to spend 3-4% of GDP on education. How has this affected the education sector in India? What value stands violated by the Central Government?

"Over time, human capital has replaced physical capital as the most scarce resource and the main economic factor". What is the value of human capital in economic development?

Identify similarities and dissimilarities between physical capital and human capital.

With a view to discourage hoarding of cash and to solve the problem of black money, the Government of India initiated demonetisation of Indian economy by declaring that 500 and 1,000 notes are no longer legal tender. This situation created a cash crunch and parents were not able to pay school fees of their children.

Is India going to be knowledge based economy in the near future?

Why is it essential for the government to regulate the fee structure in educational institutions?

Explain any four problems of human capital formation in India.OR
What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?OR
Indian Government has been taking steps for human capital formation, yet human capital formation is facing problems. Explain such problems of human capital formation.

A skilled worker like software professional generates more income than an unskilled worker. Why?

What are the differences between education and literacy?

Examine the role of education in the economic development of a nation.

Write a short note on Human Development Index (HDI).

In your view, is it essential for the government to regulate the fee structure in education and health care institutions? If so, why?

Establish the need for acquiring information relating to health and education expenditure for the effective utilisation of human resources.

Argue in favour of the need for different forms of government intervention in education and health sectors.

Explain how investment in education stimulates economic growth.

"The Indian education pyramid is steep." Elaborate.

Throw light on the two recent reports published on the Indian economy.

What is human capital? Explain atleast three areas where expenditure made is considered to be expenditure on human capital formation.

Differentiate between physical capital and human capital.

Explain four sources of human capital formation.OR
Explain the main sources of human capital formation.

Trace the relationship between human capital and economic growth.

Bring out the need for on-the-job-training for a person.

What are the indicators of educational achievement in a country?

How is human development a broader term as compared to human capital?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 5.
Traditional economic theory viewed capital in physical terms only. Economists during the late 1950s based on the aggregate production function found that the standard measures of simple labour and physical capital were incapable of explaining adequately the rapid post-war growth. Speculations on what was missing were diverse. Some argued that the principal explanation lays in the lack of appropriate adjustments for improvement in the quality of physical capital and the embodiment of technical progress in that capital. Others suggested that the most important omission pertains to the organisational advance or a vaguely specified human capital. The residual of unexplained growth was at first ascribed to technology by Solow, but later, the residual was defined to include improvements in the quality of capital can the investment in human beings. Human capital is formed with improvement in skills education. Improved health and education is merit as well as a public good and is associated with a large number of externalities which are often indirect, indivisible and non-quantifiable.

1. Which of the following gives the definition of public goods?

1. Excludable and non rivalrous in nature
2. Non-excludable and non-rivalrous in nature
3. Non-excludable and rivalrous in nature
4. Excludable and rivalrous in nature

2. Consider the situation of 2 countries – A and B. Country A has invested more towards the technological progress whereas Country B has invested more towards expanding its military network and arms. To Solow, which country would go faster?

1. Country A
2. Country B
3. Both grows and the same pace
4. Can’t comment

3. Standard economic theories failed to explain the post war rapid growth due to?

1. Measuring growth in terms of physical inputs only
2. Ignoring other important factors such as improved skills and education
3. Both (a) and (b)
4. None of the above

4. An externality is the good or bad impact which enters the utility or production function of another individual or firm with no choice of their own. The given statement is?

1. True
2. False
3. Partially True
4. Partially False

5. In the context of the above paragraph, the ‘residual’ factor include.

1. Improvement in the quality of human capital
2. Investment in human beings
3. Improvement in technology
4. All of the above

What are the differences between human capital and human development?OR
Bring out the differences between human capital and human development.

How does investment in human capital contribute to growth?

Explain the main sources of human capital formation.

Give an account of human capital of India.

Discuss the need for promoting women’s education in India.

"As physical capital is essential for economic development so is human capital." Explain.

What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?

Explain various sources of human capital formation.

What factors contribute to human capital formation?

Education is considered to be an important input for the development of a nation. How?

What is the name given to rapid increase in production of milk during 1960-2002?

1. Operation Milk.
2. Green Revolution.
3. Operation Flood.
4. Golden Revolution.

Rural banking today consists of:

1. Commercial Banks.
2. Regional Rural Banks (RRBs).
3. Land Development Bank.
4. All the above.

Landlords, moneylenders, traders and employers are sources of rural credit.

1. Institutional credit.
2. Non Institutional credit.
3. Cheap credit.
4. Nll of the above.

Which of the following is playing a major role in Micro credit needs?

1. Commercial Banks.
2. Regional Rural Banks.
3. Self Help Groups.
4. NABARD.

Which among the following is/are the key challenge(s) in rural development?

1. Honest implementation of land reforms.
2. Development of productive activities.
3. Improving agricultural marketing.
4. All of the above.

Name the state which proved to be a leader in milk cooperatives.

1. Kerala.
2. Tamil Nadu.
3. Assam.
4. Gujarat.

Livestock sector alone provides alternate livelihood options to over million small and marginal farmers including landless labourers.

1. 50
2. 60
3. 70
4. 80

Which of the following is an example of agro-processing industry?

1. Cotton industry.
2. Rubber industry.
3. Sugar industry.
4. All of the above.

How many markets do we need to develop to realise full potential of rural markets?

1. 27,000
2. 12,000
3. 32,000
4. 15,000

TANWA aimed at:

1. Training farmers for organic farming methods.
2. Training women in latest agriculture methods.
3. Promoting green revolution.
4. Arranging micro credit for the poor.

How Information Technology (IT) plays a crucial role in rural development?

1. IT issues weather forecasting, information regarding agricultural inputs and crops treatment
2. IT provides latest information of advance agricultural equipments, technology, education and resources
3. IT has potential of employment generation in rural areas
4. All of the above

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) was set up in:

1. 1980
2. 1981
3. 1982
4. 1983

Rural unemployment is also known as:

1. Disguised unemployment.
2. Frictional unemployment.
3. Voluntary unemployment.
4. Open unemployment.

_______ is an assurance to the farmers that a minimum price will be fixed by the government to purchase farmers produce?

1. Minimum support price.
2. Maximum retail price.
3. Minimum retail price.
4. Market price.

_______ is a system of farming that maintains, enhances and restores the ecological balance.

1.  Agriculture.
2. Cooperative farming.
3. Organic farming.
4. None of the above.

Agricultural marketing is a process that involves functions of

1. storage.
2. distribution.
3. processing.
4. All of these.

NABARD was set up in_______ as an apex body to coordinate the activities of all institutions involved in the rural financing system.

1. 1981
2. 1982
3. 1983
4. 1984

SHG stands for:

1. Self Help Group.
2. Social Help Group.
3. Society's Help Group.
4. Social Housing Group.

_______is a women-oriented project to train the women about the latest agricultural techniques in Tamil Nadu.

1. Kudumbashree.
2. Self Help Group.
3. TANWA.
4. None of these.

NABARD stands for:

1. National Bank for Agro-Rural Development.
2. Non-Agriculture Bank for Agro-Rural Development.
3. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.
4. National Agriculture Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development.

Operation Flood is associated with:

1. Production of fish.
2. Production of eggs.
3. Production of wheat.
4. Production of milk.

Which of the following is not a feature of Green Revolution?

1. Use of High Yield Variety Seeds (HYVS).
2. Use of modern technology.
3. Organic farming.
4. Use of pesticide, insecticide and fertilizer.

Organic farming was first suggested in India in:

1. 1892
2. 1982
3. 1966
4. 1995

Government has assured the farmers of some minimum income from the sale of their crop by introducing:

1. Warehousing facilities.
2. Regulated markets.
3. Minimum Support Price policy.
4. Co-operative agricultural marketing societies.

Production of a diverse variety of crops rather than one specialised crop is called:

1. Diversification of production activity.
2. Diversification of crop production.
3. Diversification of employment.
4. All the above.

India has ______________________ million cattle.

1. 321
2. 432
3. 123
4. 287

Match the following.

1.	Rabi crop.	Rice and maize
2.	Kharif crop	Fruits and vegetables
3.	Horticulture crop	Wheat and mustard Codes

Codes:

	I	II	III
(a)	(iii)	(i)	(ii)
(c)	(ii)	(i)	(iii)
(b)	(i)	(ii)	(iii)
(d)	(iii)	(ii)	(i)

Which of the following statements is not true?

1. Self help group was established in 1975.
2. Self help group provides macrofinance to farmers.
3. Self help group charges low rate of interest.
4. Self help group has helped in the empowerment of women.

Which of the following is not a key issue in Rural Development?

1. Rural Credit.
2. Rural Marketing.
3. Human Capital Formation.
4. Tourism.

The "Operation Flood' programme was successfully implemented from the year:

1. 1892
2. 1982
3. 1966
4. 1995

Credit needs related to constructing fences and digging wells are fulfilled by:

1. Short-term credit.
2. Medium term credit.
3. Long-term credit.
4. None of the above.

Diversification of agricultural activities is important because.

1. It will reduce the risk of agriculture sector.
2. It will provide sustainable livelihood options to farmers.
3. It will provide ecological balance.
4. All of the above.