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Nuclear Chemistry and Radioactivity — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceChemistryNuclear Chemistry and Radioactivity6 Marks
Question
Differentiate between chemical reactions and nuclear reactions.
✓

Answer

Chemical reactions Nuclear reactions
  • Rearrangement of atoms by breaking and forming of chemical bonds.
  • Elements or isotopes of one element are converted into another element in a nuclear reaction.
  • Different isotopes of an element have same behaviour.
  • Isotopes of an element behave differently.
  • Only outer shell electrons take part in the chemical reaction.
  • In addition to electrons, protons, neutrons, other elementary particles may be involved.
  • The chemical reaction is accompanied by relatively small amounts of energy.
    e.g. chemical combustion of $1.0 g$ methane releases only $56 \ kJ$ energy.
  • The nuclear reaction is accompanied by a large amount of energy change, e.g. The nuclear transformation of $1 g$ of Uranium $– 235$ release $8.2 \times 10^7 \ kJ$
  • The rates of reaction are influenced by the temperature, pressure, concentration and catalyst.
  • The rate of nuclear reactions is unaffected by temperature, pressure and catalyst.

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