- Meaning: Intelligence is the ability or skill to solve important problems or create something valuable in one or more cultural environments - Gardner (1986).
- Howard Gardner introduced the theory of intelligence in 1983.
- According to him, intelligence is not a form of ability but it has different components, so his theory is called the theory of multiple intelligence.
- In which he is given eight different characteristics of intelligence.
(1) Linguistic intelligence: This type of intelligence is manifested in the functions of writing, reading, narration, understanding the complexities of language and presenting it effectively.
- Which is more common in literary men, writers, speakers, announcers, columnist writers, etc.
(2) Logical Mathematical Intelligence: (Logical Mathematical Intelligence): This intelligence is manifested in the use of mathematical logic signs, the mystery of mathematical rules, mathematical process etc.
- Lawyers, detectives, scientists, statisticians, logicians, etc. have more of this intelligence.
(3) Spatial Intelligence: This intelligence is used in solving problems, solving puzzles, making riddles, making decisions based on the concepts of distance and height to form mental images.
- This intelligence is especially found in drivers, doctors who perform operations, engineers, etc.
(4) Bodily-Kinesthetic Ch Intelligence: This type of intelligence is required to understand the movement of the body, its speed, posture, limb twisting.
- Athletes, craftsmen, dancers, actors, etc. have higher levels of intelligence.
(5) Interpersonal Intelligence: With the help of this type of intelligence, a person becomes aware of other person's thoughts, likes and dislikes, emotions, impulses, temperament, habits, personality traits etc.
- Politicians, clergy, teachers, social workers, etc. have a special level of interpersonal intelligence.
(6) Musical Intelligence: Musical intelligence is required to understand the melody, rhythm, beat, melody, etc. of music.
- More common in singers, musicians, composers, music directors, songwriters, etc.
(7) Intrapersonal Intelligence: As a person we gain an understanding of our own feelings, thoughts, impulses, expressions, attitudes, prejudices, beliefs, etc.
- This intelligence is useful in gaining intuition and self-understanding, which is present in every ordinary person.
(8) Naturalistic Intelligence: Natural intelligence is essential for gaining an understanding of natural elements such as fauna, flora, and natural phenomena. This characteristic is found in biologists, botanists, farmers, forest travelers, etc.