Example- Osmotic pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression in freezing point and relative lowering of vapour pressure.
[આપેલ છે: ${K}_{{f}}=1.86 \,{~K} \,{~kg} \,{~mol}^{-1} ;$ પાણીની ઘનતા $=$ $1.00 \,{~g}\, {~cm}^{-3} ;$ પાણીનું ઠારબિંદુ $\left.=273.15\, {~K}\right]$
[આણ્વીય દળ ${Cu}: 63.54\, {u}, {S}: 32\, {u}, {O}: 16 \,{u}, {H}: 1\, {u}]$