Two point charges $-q$ and $+q$ are located at points $(0, 0, -a)$ and $(0, 0, a),$ respectively. The potential at a point $(0, 0, z)$ where $z > a$ is
Medium
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Potential at $\mathrm{P}$ due to $(+q)$ charge
${{\rm{V}}_1} = \frac{1}{{4\pi { \in _0}}} \cdot \frac{{\rm{q}}}{{({\rm{z}} - {\rm{a}})}}$
Potential at $P$ due to $(-q)$ charge
${{\rm{V}}_2} = \frac{1}{{4\pi { \in _0}}} \cdot \frac{{ - {\rm{q}}}}{{({\rm{z}} + {\rm{a}})}}$
Total potential at $\mathrm{P}$ due ($\mathrm{AB}$) electric dipole
${\mathrm{V}=\mathrm{V}_{1}+\mathrm{V}_{2}} $
$ = \frac{1}{{4\pi { \in _0}}} \cdot \frac{{\rm{q}}}{{({\rm{z}} - {\rm{a}})}} - \frac{1}{{\left( {4\pi { \in _0}} \right)({\rm{z}} + {\rm{a}})}} = \frac{{2{\rm{qa}}}}{{4\pi { \in _0}\left( {{{\rm{z}}^2} - {{\rm{a}}^2}} \right)}}$
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