Geography [5 Mark Question Answer]

(a)
(i) 0722
(ii) 0826
(iii) 0526
(iv) 0918
(v) 0721
(b)
(i) 032238
(ii) 050210
(iii) 019187
(iv) 075188
(v) 085259
(c)
(i) North-west
(ii) South-west
(iii) East
(iv) East
(v) South.
(d)
(i) 15r means relative depth of the perennially lined well is 15 m.
(ii) Contour line of 300 m.
(iii) 24° 45′ is the northern most latitude shown on the map extract.
(iv) Cart track.
(v) It is a natural seasonal tank with embankment.
(e)
(i) The general pattern of Dhann village is clustered settlement type.
(ii) The general pattern is scattered or dispersed settlement type.
(f)
(i) Direct distance between Indaria and Jolpur is 14 cm.
1 cm., on the map equals 500 m. on the ground
14 cm., equals 500 × 14 = 7000 m., or 7 kms.
(ii) Distance along cart track between Dantral and Dhann is 8 cm.
1 cm. on the map equals 500 m.
8 cm. equals 500 × 8 = 4000 m., or 4 kms.
(g)
(i) The drainage pattern is trellis.
(ii) The drainage pattern is dendritic type resembles a tree.
(h) Temple, cart track, perennial lined well.
(i) The presence of broken ground and seasonal rivers.
(j) The main river Sukli Nadi flows in the southern direction is a seasonal river, the water courses are numerous and well defined as they are able to cut channels into the soft soil. They are periodic and rely on the monsoon rain for the water supply.
(k) The area is mainly a plain. The land is higher in the N.E., and slopes gently towards the S. W. There are some rock outcrops rising to a height of about 300 m. A larger part of the plain is sandy and presence of sand dimes indicates desert conditions.
(l) The land slopes from the north-east to the south. The highest spot height of 311 is seen in the N.E., section of the map and the S.W., section of the map shows a spot height of 263. The flow of the rivers from the N.E. to the S.W. is also an indication of the slope of the land.
(m) The main occupation of the people is agriculture. This is indicated in the map by the yellow wash that covers almost the entire map extract. The presence of a large number of perennial lined wells also supports this inference.
(n) Well irrigation is the most widespread mode of irrigation. This is because of the presence of a large number of perennial wells which have a supply of water throughout the year.
(o) The mode of transport is cart track. This is mainly because this is a rural area and most of these cart tracks connect villages in this region.

(a) (i) 859843 (ii) 860788.
(b) (i) 8189 (ii) 8188.
(c) 8 cm = 4 km.
(d)
(i) broken ground
(ii) perennial stream.
(e)
(i) Nucleated
(ii) There are a number of cart tracks connecting the settlements. People can take to farming.
(f) Perennial wells because the rivers are seasonal.
|(g)
(i) Carts.
(ii) single red lines shown on the map.
(h) (i) south-east (ii) north to south.
(i)
(i) dendritic
(ii) the relative depth of the perennial well is 25 metres.
(j)
(i) Representative fraction: It is the ratio of the horizontal distance between two points on the map to the distance of the corresponding points on the ground.
(ii) 1 : 50000.

(a) 
Six fig. grid reference are:
(i) D 217 – 940792
(ii) lined well – 925814.
(b)
(i) Left bank tributary is Balaram nadi.
(ii) It is flowing from SE to NW.
(c) 
(i) Feature associated with stream is broken ground.
(ii) Dendritic pattern.
(d) 
Four fig. grid reference
(i) Open scrub – 9573
(ii) Bantawada – 9978
(e)
Two relief features are:
9782 – Escarpment
9574-Ridge/watershed.
(f) Give two reasons for your answer.
There is limited cultivation in the map because
(i) Region is Sandy with Sandunes.
(ii) Presence of broken ground which is a waste land.
(g) 
Sangla to Antroli – North east.
Sangla to Chekhla – North.
(h)
This region experiences low and seasonal rainfall.
Reason-Rivers and Streams are seasonal.
(i) 
Distance in cm = 5.2
Distance in km = 5.2/2 (scale 2 cm. to 1 km.)
Distance in km = 2.6 km.
(j) 
(i) General pattern of settlement is Nucleated.
(ii) One region unsuitable for the cultivation of crops is broken ground/white coloured region which is a barren land.

(a) (i) 111073 (ii) 138045.
(b) 
(i) The relative depth of the embankment is 6 m.
(ii) It is salty water.
(c) (i) Cliff (ii) Footpath.
(d) The rainfall is seasonal because most of the streams are dry not having water.
(e)
1606-radial
1708-Trellis.
(f) (i) Dispersed (ii) Dattani
(g) Pass and Spur.
(h) 3.5 km
(i) The region is mountaineous and does not have transport facilities.
(j) (i) 1023 – 260 = 763 m (ii) NW.

(a) The compass direction of Sunset point from the settlement of Anadra is South-East.
(b) The drainage pattern in grid square 2315 is Radial.
(c) There is a dry ‘Nadi’ flowing from Lakhawa Ka Khera and also some dry tanks in that area which show that the region has seasonal rainfall, as when the rain falls these features ‘Nadi’ and Tanks are full of water.
(d) 9.6 cm = 2.8 km.
(e) Verbal Scale is not a suitable method of representing the scale of a map as in this method we make statements such as 1 cm = 1 km or 1 inch = 5 miles, but this type of statement can not be used in different parts of the world as they require to know the units of measurement. But in the Representative Fraction this problem is not there as the unit of measurement in the numerator and denominator is same.
for example : `(1 ("Distance on map"))/(100000 ("Distance on ground"))` or 1 : 100000
It means 1 unit on the map represents 1,00,000 units on the ground, if the unit of measurement is cm then it will be 1 cm on the map = 1,000 cm on the ground. The unit of measurement can be changed or converted to any unit. Thus it has its international value and called ‘International Scale’.
(f) 
(i) Anjini Devi ka Mandir is at 229160 six figured grid.
(ii) Six figured grid of D 1327 is = 217105.
(g) The three different kinds of roads in grid square 2411 are:
(i) Metalled Road (ii) Unmetalled Road (iii) Pack track
One kind of road in grid square 2515 is ‘Foot path’.
(h) The people living in the northern region of the map extract adopt two main occupation:
(i) Cultivation: On the north western region of the map extract people adopt cultivation as their occupation because the ‘yellow wash’ in this region shows that the land.is cultivable, secondly it has lot of perennial wells which supports the cultivation in this region.
(ii) Forestry: On the north eastern region there are evidences of the forests, as it is coloured in green colour and at two places its written ‘Fairly dense mixed jungle’ and ‘Open mixed jungle’ so the forestry is the main occupation of the people in this region.
(i) In grid square 2115 the slope is gradual and gentle as the contour lines drawn in this region are far a part from each other where as in 1811 the contour lines are drawn very close to each other which means it has steep slopes.
(j) 
(i) Fire line is a clearing made in the forest to prevent the spread of forest fire as shown in grid square 2316.
(ii) The pipe line in grid square 2209, takes the water from the perennial tank Kodra reservoir shown is southern part at 220090 grid to the main town ‘Abu’.
(k) 
(i) The red square in grid square 2514 show the ‘temporary hut’.
(ii) 4r is in grid square 1612 shows the relative height of the embankment on dry or seasonal tank is 4 metres.
(l) 
(i) Mt Abu is situated on a high altitude which provides pleasant climate, some of the peaks are 1409 and 1327 metres.
(ii) There are lot of temples to see as Anjini Devi ka Mandir, Adhor Devi ka Mandir, Dilwara Temple, etc.
(iii) It also provide scenic beauty such as the whole area is covered with forests, steep slopes attract people for mountaineering, sunset point and cave dwelling etc.

(a) 
(i) 089132
(ii) 059128
(b) 0916 trellis 0712 radial
(c) 
(i) 1014
(ii) 0816, 0916
(d) 5.5 kms
(e) 
(i) broken ground
(ii) caused due to erosion during heavy rain at the time of flooding.(f) 
(i) nucleated
(ii) people build their houses in areas where there are wells and they can do some farming. This is shown by yellow colour on the map.
(g) north east to south west. An arrow in the bed of the river indicates this.
(h) Farming and cattle grazing.
(i) 
(i) Marol to Mitan cart track.
(ii) Revdar to Karaunti metalled road.
(j) broken ground and stiples in the river.

(a) Malgaon 1520.
(b) Spot height 270.
(c) 
(i) South-East
(ii) Metalled road and cart track
(d) 
(i) Contour height 280m
(ii) Spot height 281m
(e) In Bamba settlements are nucleated and temporary and In square 1813 the settlements are dispersed and permanent
(f) Facilities in Anadra PTO (POST AND TELEGRAPH OFFICE), police chauki, DB (Dak bungalow), dispensary.
(g) Telephone.
(h) 
(i) Brackish: Water has high salt content and is not fit for drinking but may be used for irrigation.
(ii) Causeway: A raised road over a stream.
(iii) 6r relative height of the bank of the river 6m.
(i) 
(i) Sipu Nadi is in its middle course because there are meanders and the land is level which shows that the river is slow.
(ii) The rainfall is seasonal is shown by the river which is stippled and the presence of broken ground.
(j) The distance is 2.8 kms.

(a) (i) 876950 (ii) 915967
(b) Lined well.
(c)
(i) Relative height of the bank of stream
(ii) Relative depth of the well is 20 m.
(d) There are a large number of the dry streams, open scrubs, broken ground, dry tank etc.
(e)
(i) River with a small stream of water.
(ii) South-east to west.
(f)
(i) 1 unit on the map is equal to 50000 units of the ground.
(ii) Distance is 3.6 km.
(g) South-western part. Because less scrubs and large number of wells.
(h) 8392.
(i) Open mixed jungle, open scrub and open jungle.
(j) Dendritic.
(k)
(i) Cart track and pach track.
(ii) Carts.
(l) Clustered or nucleated settlement, because of large cultivated land and availability of water.

(a)
(i) ∆ 277 → 896988 (ii) Lime kiln near Rampura → 834973
(iii) Stony waste 857962
(b)
(i) The blue line in the Sipu river indicates a perennial water channel.
(ii) Jegol. When a village is connected to many other villages by road then it is the nodal function of the road.
(c)
(i) These black lines indicate broken ground.
(ii) These are formed due to erosion of soil during floods.
(iii) Sandy area with sand dunes.
(d) (i) 834974 (ii) 829921 (iii) 796919
(e) (i) The direction of the Sipu river is from North-east to South-west.
(ii) It is flowing in this direction because the height is decreasing from North to South.
(f) (i) Streams (ii) Jungle (iii) Dissected hill
(g) (i) Rough grass covering the ground surface not very close.
(ii) The flow of rivers point the North-East and South-West direction of the slope in a large part of the area.

(a)
(i) It stands for Representative Fraction.
(ii) Relative height of the sand hill from its ground level to its top being 20 metres.
(iii) A deserted fort.
(b)
(i) There is flat sand covering the ground and also sand dunes formed as a result of wind action an obstacle on free surface.
(ii) It is because this land is either rocky or is badly eroded along the edges.
(c)
(i) It is important as a crossing point because as many as 5 (five) cart tracks meet here from different directions.
(ii) It is about 1.5 km. Thread is used to measure the length according to the scale.
(d) It is the broken ground appearing as gullies. River erosion falling through softer sand deposits in rainy season is the cause.
(e) 8593 and 8697.
(f)
(i) The black east-west line in the north denotes the latitude in degrees and minutes.
(ii) The north-south black line points out the degrees and minutes of the longitude.
(iii) These are the endings of contour lines in metres pointing the higher ground farthereast
(g)
(i) Village huts and wells.
(ii) NNE to SSW.
(iii) 8397.

(a)
(i) The six-figure grid reference of ∆ 364 is 957744.
(ii) The six-figure grid reference of the temple at Rampura is 954806.
(b)
The two features which show that the region has seasonal rainfall are:
(i) Dry river with water channel shown in the northern part of the map extract.
(ii) Dry tanks shown in the southern region of the map extract.
The above two features show that they have water in them during the rainy season.
(c) The distance between Juvol and Amiwada is = 5 cm = 2 1/2 km (or 2 km and 500 metres) = 2 km 500 metres (as per scale of the map).
(d)
(i) The chief form of irrigation shown in the map extract is perennial lined wells.
(ii) There is a clear evidence of this type of irrigation shown in the north-west corner of the map extracted around the Juvol and Chekhla villages, which are situated on a cultivable land and the perennial lined wells found in that area are the only source of the irrigation.
(e) The streams in grid square 9478 do not join the main river as these are “disappearing” streams, they do not have enough water to reach the main river and dry up in the sand. Similar type of streams are found in the grid square 9575 also.
(f)
(i) These are disappearing streams, which are generally shown with black broken lines..
(ii) Black curved lines show the broken ground.
(g) The landforms shown by the contours in grid square 9876 are:
(i) A conical hill with spot height 381.
(ii) The southern part of this hill is a ‘spur’.
(h)
(i) Balram Nadi is flowing from South-East to North-West.
(ii) Balram Nadi joins the main river on its left bank.
(i) (i) The main occupation of the people living in the area shown in the map extract is agriculture.
(ii) ‘Most of the area has ‘yellow wash’ which indicates cultivated land.
(j) 
(i) The scale is defined as the ratio between the distance of any two points on the map with the actual distance of the same points on the ground.
(ii) The scale of the map extract provided, is 2 cm = 1 km. which means 2 cm on the map is equal to 1 km on the ground.

(a) The four figure grid reference of: (i) Dadarla -1020 (ii) Bhamra – 0420

(b) Dantrai is the largest settlement shown on the map extract. Post Office (PO) is the one communication facility which is exclusively available to this settlement.

(c) RF stands for Representative Fraction.
RF = `"Distance between two points on the map"/"Distance of the corresponding points on the ground"`
RF of the map is 1:50,000, i.e., 1 unit on the map is equal to 50000 units on the ground.

(d) 
Area from North to South = 9.2 cm
Area on Ground will be = `9.2/2 = 4.6` km
Area from East to West on map = 7.3 cm
Area on Ground will be = `7.3/2 = 3.65 "km"`
Total area of the actual ground is

= Area from N to S on ground × Area from E to W on ground

= 4.6 km × 3.65 km = 16.79 sq.km.

(e) Contour interval means the difference between two consecutive contour lines. Contour interval of the given toposheet is 20 metres.

(f) Highest spot height is 339 metres and the lowest is 263 metres.

(g) 
(i) Spot height 339 – 042276
(ii) Permanent hut located near Dhad Talao – 077225

(h)
(i) Occupation: The main occupation of the people of this area is agriculture. Yellow colour over the map stands for agricultural land. White patches on the map shows the uncultivated land.
(ii) Religion: The symbol of temple all over the map proves that mostly people belongs to Hindus religion.

(i) Natural source of irrigation is Sukli Nadi. The solid blue circle and hollow blue circle indicates the presence of lined and unlined perennial well as the man-made source of irrigation.

(j) The general mode of transportation is bullock or horse cart. A single red line shown on the map indicates the cart-track. It is a path broader than a pack track, made by bullock or horse cart.

(a)
(i) 0123
(ii) 079187
(b)
(i) Lined perennial well (Through the circle is not given in the map)
(ii) North West
(c) 
(i) Settlement in 0725—Dispersed.
Settlement in Idarla—Nucleated.
(ii) Drainage of 0624—Dendritic.
Drainage of 0824—Dendritic
(d) 
(i) 300 metre.
(ii) 20 metre.
(e) 
(i) No large settlement
(ii) No metalled road
(f)
(i) The black curved line in 0721 represent the Broken ground. Broken ground is formed due to alternating dry and wet periods along the banks of seasonal river where the soil is soft.
(ii) Large number of lined perennial well.
(g)
(i) In 0527 the natural features are seasonal stream trees and Barren land.
(ii) Motorable road in dry season and settlement. 
(h) The settlement Dantrai has a police chouki and a post office. Other settlements do not have them.
(i) 
Length—19.5 cm → 9.75 km
Breadth—6 cm → 3 km (as per Scale 2 cm to 1 km)
Area 9.75 × 3 = 29.25 sq. km.
(j) 
(i) Longitude
(ii) 302 in grid square 0425 is a spot height.

Four-figure grid reference: Square grid or four-figure grid reference e.g., the four figure grid reference of A in the figure is 6218. It means that A lies between Eastings 62 to 63 and Northings 18 to 19.
Six-figure grid reference: The six figure grid reference gives the exact location of a feature. For example, the six figure grid reference of A would be 623188. The first three digits gives the Eastings and the next three digits, the Northings. To get the third digit in the Eastings one has to mentally divide the space between 62 to 63 into 10 equal parts.
Thus, the third digits comes to 3. Similarly to get the sixth digit, mentally divide the space between 18 to 19 into 10 equal parts. Thus, the sixth digit comes to 8. The six-figure grid reference of A is 623188.
The grid squares on the toposheets are generally of 1 sq km..
Sometimes there are squares in which are written QC and QD. These denote two lettered number of 100 square km.

The shape of contours enable to identify the different features of a river valley. The important features of a river valley are as follows:
Direction of river: It can be found out by studying the general slope of the land. A river always flows from a higher level to lower level, so in whichever direction the land is sloping the river will flow in that direction all the small streams also join the river in the same direction.
Features of a river :
(a) Seasonal non - perennial streams - These dry up in summers and occur in rainy season specially in arid region.

(b) Stream (nallah) or nads.

(c) River (dry) if spwckled shows dry , if coloured blue shows perennial.

(d) River dry with water channel.

(e) River with islands and Rocks.

(f) Disappearing Streams.

(g) confluence is where the tributary meets the main river.

(h) Meander is a bend in the river flowing through a plain.


(i) Broken ground - Generally found along the banks of a streame or river in arid regions where the top soil gets eroded due to flooding during rainy season. This type of land is uncultivable.
(j) River Bank steep 3r meters.

(i) The study of relief features requires careful handling. It is a bird’s eye view of the entire . area where hills, plateau, and down lands are shown clearly. The gap between, two hills is marked. Maximum heights may be located and denoted with grid reference.
(ii) The following list shows the occupations by the evidence of names or by inference of relief features.

Evidences or Inferences of Relief	Amplification of Occupations
(i) Forest-green patch	Forestry
(ii) Yellow colour and orchards	Agriculture
(iii) Pastures and meadows or scrub	Cattle grazing or sheep rearing.
(iv) Quarries and mines	Quarrying and mining
(v) Settlement near main roads-Annual fair (written)	Trade
(vi) Mines and factories	Industrial development
(vii) Park, golf courses, rifle ranges	Recreation and cultural development

(i) Horizontal distance = 2 km = 2000 m
Vertical difference in height = 500 – 100 = 400 metres
Gradient =`"Vertical interval"/"Horizontal equivalent"`
`= 400/2000`
`= 1/5 = 1 : 5`
(ii) Horizontal distance: Measure the distance in cms. between the two places with your ruler. Then from the R.F. given on the toposheet calculate the actual distance between the two places in km and then convert into metres.
Vertical interval in height: Find the difference between the values of the two contours in which the places lie or if no contour lines are shown, find the difference in the spot heights of the two places.
Gradient = `"Vertical Interval"/"Horizontal Equivalent" "Express your answer as a ratio"`

Concave Slope: The slope is very gentle at the foot and it goes on getting steeper and steeper towards the top. The spacing between successive contours at the lower level is more than at the higher level.

Convex Slope: The slope is very steep at the foot and it goes on becoming gentle towards the top. The contour lines are therefore, unequally spaced but there is a sequence, which is just the opposite of a concave slope diagram. The spacing between successive contours at the lower level is less than at
the higher level.

These are heights, which are marked with letters BM, e.g., BM 942 m., on stones embedded on the ground, on prominent buildings or on rocks for permanent reference for survey purposes. They show the accurate heights which are determined after proper surveying. They are represented as:
(i) Triangulated Station: These are heights shown with the help of a triangle with the height mentioned next to it e.g. ∆ 549. The height is not very accurate as the distance on the ground are surveyed by angular measurement and calculated by trigonometry.
(ii) Spot Height: A small dot with the height printed next to it 549 can be seen all over the map. These represent the position on the ground of which the height has been accurately determined. It is a surveyed height and exists only on the map.
(iii) Relative Height: Relative height is the difference between the highest and the lowest elevation in area. A relative height e.g. 25r against a well is blue, indicate its depth in metre. A relative height e.g. 10r against an embankment in black shows the relative height of it in metres. The number is the height in metres.

Open Scrub: It is the land where nothing grows. It is a sign of desert area. It indicates occupation as sheep or goat rearing.
Rock Outcrop: It is an exposed part of rock. Cultivation is not possible.
Sheet Rock: It is a mass or slab of rock, a portion of which is exposed above the surface. Shown in white it is also printed so.
Fire Line: A clearing is made in the forest to check the spread of fire.
Causeway: Causeway is a raised road or platform across a minor stream (not to be confused with a bridge). Its presence indicates areas of scanty or seasonal rainfall. Stream having causeway is motorable during dry season.
Broken Ground: It is the weathered part of the land caused due to erosion during heavy rain at the time of flooding. It is found mostly in dry regions around streams and rivers. On toposheet it is shown by tiny curved black line.

Aqueduct: It is a channel through which water flows.

Quarry: It is a pit from which limestone, marble, rock, sand or clay is obtained for building or other purposes.
Lime Kiln: It is a plant for manufacturing lime. Lime is used for making mortar which is used in holding bricks together.
Dry Well: The word ‘dry’ written in brackets near a well denotes a well that is dry in the dry season.
Brackish Well: The word ‘brackish’ written in brackets near a well means that the water in the well has a high salt content and is not fit for drinking. May be used for irrigation.