A thin piece of thermal conductor of constant thermal conductivity insulated on the lateral sides connects two reservoirs which are maintained at temperatures $T_{1}$ and $T_{2}$ as shown in the figure alongside. Assuming that the system is in steady state, which of the following plots best represents the dependence of the rate of change of entropy on the ratio of $T_{1} / T_{2}$ ?
KVPY 2017, Advanced
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$(b)$ Entropy change for a system or body is

$\Delta S=\frac{Q}{T}$

Now, for given system to be in steady state, heat lost by resorvoir at temperature $T_{1}=$ heat gained by resorvoir at temperature $T_{2}$ (=Q say).

So, change in entropy for heat conduction process is

$\Delta S-\frac{-Q}{}+\frac{(+Q)}{T_{1}}$

$\Rightarrow \quad \Delta S=Q\left(\frac{1}{T_{2}}-\frac{1}{T_{1}}\right)$

So, time rate of change of entropy is

$\frac{d S}{d t}=\frac{d}{d t}\left\{Q\left(\frac{1}{T_{2}}-\frac{1}{T_{1}}\right)\right\}$

$=\left(\frac{1}{T_{2}}-\frac{1}{T_{1}}\right) \cdot\left(\frac{d Q}{d t}\right)$

$\frac{d S}{d t}=\left(\frac{T_{1}}{T_{2}}-1\right) \cdot T_{1}\left(\frac{d Q}{d t}\right)$

As, $\quad \frac{d Q}{d t}=-k A\left(\frac{d T}{d x}\right)$

So, $\quad \frac{d S}{d t}=-k A \frac{d T}{d x} \cdot T_{1}\left(\frac{T_{1}}{T_{2}}-1\right)$

$\Rightarrow \quad \frac{d S}{d t}=k A T_{1} \cdot\left(1-\frac{T_{1}}{T_{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{d T}{d x}$

$=\frac{k A T_{1}}{x}\left(1-\frac{T_{1}}{T_{2}}\right)\left(T_{1}-T_{2}\right)$

$=\frac{k A T_{1}^{2}}{x}\left(1-\frac{T_{1}}{T_{2}}\right)\left(1-\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}}\right)$

Clearly, at $\frac{T_{1}}{T_{2}}=1, \frac{d S}{d t}=0$.

Also, graph is asym metrical. So, correct option is $(b)$.

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